Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ględati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *glenˀd-, with acute through Winter's law from Proto-Indo-European *gʰlend-.

Verb

*glę̀dati impf

1. to look at, to watch

Inflection

Conjugation of *ględati, *ględa, *ględajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*ględanьje	*ględati	*ględatъ	*ględalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*ględanъ	*ględajemъ
Active	*ględavъ	*ględaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*ględaxъ	*ględa	*ględa	*ględajǫ	*ględaješi	*ględajetь
Dual	*ględaxově	*ględasta	*ględaste	*ględajevě	*ględajeta	*ględajete
Plural	*ględaxomъ	*ględaste	*ględašę	*ględajemъ	*ględajete	*ględajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*ględaaxъ	*ględaaše	*ględaaše	—	*ględaji	*ględaji
Dual	*ględaaxově	*ględaašeta	*ględaašete	*ględajivě	*ględajita	—
Plural	*ględaaxomъ	*ględaašete	*ględaaxǫ	*ględajimъ	*ględajite	—

Related terms

• *ględěti

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: глѧдати (ględati) (11th century)
    • Russian: гля́дать (gljádatʹ) (dialectal), гляда́ть (gljadátʹ) (dialectal; Dal's dictionary)
    • Ukrainian: гляда́ти (hljadáty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: глѧдати (ględati)

    Glagolitic script: ⰳⰾⱔⰴⰰⱅⰹ (ględati)

  • Bulgarian: гле́дам (glédam), гле́ндам (gléndam) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: гледа (gleda)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: гле̏дати, гле́дати

    Latin: glȅdati, glédati

  • Slovene: glẹ́dati (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: hlídat, hledat
  • Polabian: gľǫdăl (“dreamed”, past)
  • Old Polish: ględać
    • Middle Polish: ględać, glądać (Kuyavia)
  • Slovak: hľadať
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: glědaś
    • Upper Sorbian: hladać

Further reading

vol=1 Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “гляде́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN

• Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*gʰlendʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 200
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ględati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 122
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гляде́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress