Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ačь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Morphologically possibly from reinterpreting of some deverbal agent nouns (e.g. *kovačь ← *kovati +‎ *-čь : *kovъ +‎ *-ačь). Synchronically it is an independent suffix.
Semantically it's close to denominal suffix *-atъ. But in this case form **-aťь is expected, though compare *porťa : *porkъ.

Suffix

*-ačь m

Denominal, forming nouns denoting a carrier of a property.
*kolo (“wheel”) → *kolačь (“cake”)

*bogъ (“wealth, fortune”) → *bogačь (“a wealthy man”) (compare *bogatъ (“wealthy”))

*borda (“beard”) → *bordačь (“a bearded man”) (compare *bordatъ (“bearded”))

*golva (“head”) → *golvačь (“one having a big head”) (compare *golvatъ)

*rogъ (“horn”) → *rogačь (“horned animal”) (compare *rogatъ (“horned”))

Declension

Declension of *-ačь (soft o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-ačь	*-ača	*-ači
genitive	*-ača	*-aču	*-ačь
dative	*-aču	*-ačema	*-ačemъ
accusative	*-ačь	*-ača	*-ačę̇
instrumental	-ačьmь, -ačemь^*	*-ačema	*-ači
locative	*-ači	*-aču	*-ačixъ
vocative	*-aču	*-ača	*-ači

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ačь

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: -ачь (-ačĭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: -ачъ (-ač), -ачь (-ačʹ)
    - Belarusian: -а́ч (-áč)
    - Ukrainian: -а́ч (-áč)
  - Russian: -а́ч (-áč)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: -ач (-ač) (rare)
- Macedonian: -ач (-ač) (rare)
- Serbo-Croatian: (rare?)
  Cyrillic script: -а̄ч
  
  Latin script: -ȃč
- Slovene: -áč
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: -áč
  - Czech: -áč, -ač
- Kashubian: -ôcz
- Polabian: -ăc
- Old Polish: -acz
  - Polish: -acz
- Slovak: -ocz
- Slovak: -áč
- Slovincian: -ócz, -ocz, -acz, -acz
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: -ač
  - Lower Sorbian: -ac