Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ělъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Derived from the fusion of state expressing extension Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti +‎ *-lós. Akin to Latin -ēla. By surface analysis, *-ě- +‎ *-lъ

Suffix

*-ělъ m

1. From adjectives or ě-theme verbs, forms state nouns (used as a cause for something) or agent nouns denoting a bearer of a state

   *mьrzělъ (“sloth, one who lazes”)← *mьrzъ (“devious, lazy”)

   *mǫtělъ (“clutter, haze”) ← *mǭtiti (“to roil, to stir”)

   *svьrbělъ (“itchy one”) ← *svьrběti (“to itch”)

   *xъrbělъ (“slender one”) ← *xъrběti (“to thin”)

   *ščьrbělъ (“ribby one”) ← *ščьrbiti (“to rib”)

Declension

Declension of *-ělъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-ělъ	*-ěla	*-ěli
genitive	*-ěla	*-ělu	*-ělъ
dative	*-ělu	*-ěloma	*-ělomъ
accusative	*-ělъ	*-ěla	*-ěly
instrumental	*-ělъmь, *-ělomь*	*-ěloma	*-ěly
locative	*-ělě	*-ělu	*-ělěxъ
vocative	*-ěle	*-ěla	*-ěli

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

Category Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ělъ not found

Suffix

*-ělъ

1. (originally) From *-ěti verbs, forms participles

   *myslělъ (“thought”) ← *myslěti (“to think”)

   *svьrbělъ (“itched”) ← *svьrběti (“to itch”)

Declension

Indefinite declension of *-ělъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*-ělъ	*-ěla	*-ělo
genitive	*-ěla	*-ěly	*-ěla
dative	*-ělu	*-ělě	*-ělu
accusative	*-ělъ	*-ělǫ	*-ělo
instrumental	*-ělomь	*-ělojǫ	*-ělomь
locative	*-ělě	*-ělě	*-ělě
vocative	*-ěle	*-ělo	*-ělo
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*-ěla	*-ělě	*-ělě
genitive	*-ělu	*-ělu	*-ělu
dative	*-ěloma	*-ělama	*-ěloma
accusative	*-ěla	*-ělě	*-ělě
instrumental	*-ěloma	*-ělama	*-ěloma
locative	*-ělu	*-ělu	*-ělu
vocative	*-ěla	*-ělě	*-ělě
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*-ěli	*-ěly	*-ěla
genitive	*-ělъ	*-ělъ	*-ělъ
dative	*-ělomъ	*-ělamъ	*-ělomъ
accusative	*-ěly	*-ěly	*-ěla
instrumental	*-ěly	*-ělami	*-ěly
locative	*-ělěxъ	*-ělaxъ	*-ělěxъ
vocative	*-ěli	*-ěly	*-ěla

Related terms

• *-lъ, *-ьlъ
• *-ělь, *-aľь