Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/židъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Likely through some Balkan Romance dialect, from Old Italian giudeo, from Latin iūdaeus.

The secondary meaning giant/mythical person is likely derived from the meaning Jew based on the Biblical tradition that Jews were the "chosen people" by God. Vasmer, nonetheless, presumes a native origin (see dial. Russian жиди (židi)).

Noun

*židъ m

1. Jew
2. giant, mythical person

   → (by generalization) mythical creature

Declension

Declension of *žìdъ (u-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*žìdъ	*žìdy	*žìdove
genitive	*žìdu	*žìdovu	*žìdovъ
dative	*žìdovi	*žìdъma	*žìdъmъ
accusative	*žìdъ	*žìdy	*žìdy
instrumental	*žìdъmь	*žìdъma	*žìdъmī
locative	*žìdū	*žìdovu	*žìdъxъ
vocative	*žìdu	*žìdy	*žìdove

Declension of *žìdъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*žìdъ	*žìda	*žìdi
genitive	*žìda	*žìdu	*žìdъ
dative	*žìdu	*žìdoma	*žìdomъ
accusative	*žìdъ	*žìda	*žìdy
instrumental	*žìdъmь, *žìdomь*	*žìdoma	*žìdȳ
locative	*žìdě	*žìdu	*žìdě̄xъ
vocative	*žìde	*žìda	*žìdi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *židovьskъ (“Jewish”)
• *židovinъ (“Jewish person”)

Descendants

• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: жидовинъ (židovinŭ)

    Unspecified script:

    • → Old East Slavic: жидъ (židŭ), жидинъ (židinŭ), жидовинъ (židovinŭ)
      • Old Ruthenian: *жидъ (*žid)
        • Belarusian: жыд (žyd)
        • Ukrainian: жид (žyd)
      • Russian: жид (žid)
        • → Yiddish: זשיד (zhid) (derogatory)
        • → Latvian: žīds (derogatory)
    • → Romanian: jidov
  • Bulgarian: жид (žid)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: жи̏д, жидов, Жи̏д, Жидов

    Latin script: žȉd, židov, Žȉd, Židov

  • → Old Hungarian: sydou
    • Hungarian: zsidó
  • Slovene: žȉd, Žȉd (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: žid, Žid
    • Czech: žid, Žid
    • → Old Polish: żyd, Żyd
      • Polish: żyd, Żyd
    • → Polabian: zaid
      • → Lithuanian: žỹdas
    • → Slovak: žid, Žid
    • →Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: žyd, Žyd
      • Lower Sorbian: žid, Žid

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “жид”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “жиди”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жид”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 543