Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/řuma

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

• *ruma, *ryma
• *řumъ m, *rumъ m, *rymъ m

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *rjauˀmāˀ f, *rjauˀmas m, *rūˀm-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewH-meh₂ f, *h₃rewH-mos m, *h₃ruH-m-, from *h₃rewH- (“to roar”). Cognate with Latin rūmor (“rumor”) (from Proto-Italic *roumōs).

By surface analysis, *řuti (“to roar”) +‎ *-ma. The extension ‑з‑ (‑с‑) in East Slavic languages ​​characterizes the intensity of the action.

Noun

*řuma f

1. noise, clamor, uproar
2. crybaby, sniveller

Declension

Declension of *řuma (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*řuma	*řumě	*řumy
genitive	*řumy	*řumu	*řumъ
dative	*řumě	*řumama	*řumamъ
accusative	*řumǫ	*řumě	*řumy
instrumental	*řumojǫ, *řumǫ**	*řumama	*řumami
locative	*řumě	*řumu	*řumasъ, *řumaxъ*
vocative	*řumo	*řumě	*řumy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

• *řumati

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: рюма (rjuma), рума (ruma); рюмъ m (rjumŭ), румъ m (rumŭ)
    • Belarusian: рум m (rum); ⇒ лю́ма (ljúma) (dialectal)
      • ⇒ Belarusian: ру́мза (rúmza); рю́мза (rjúmza) (dialectal)
    • Ukrainian: рю́ма (rjúma); рюм m (rjum), рум m (rum) (dialectal)
      • ⇒ Ukrainian: рю́мса (rjúmsa); ру́мса (rúmsa) (dialectal)
    • Russian: рю́ма (rjúma), ру́ма (rúma)
      • ⇒ Russian: рю́мза (rjúmza)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: rum
  • Polish: rum m

With archaic *-y- vocalism:

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: рыма (ryma) (dialectal)
  • ⇒ Russian: ры́мза (rýmza) (dialectal)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: rýma
    • Czech: rýma

Further reading

• Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2006), “ры́маць”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 11 (раб – сая́н), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN
• Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2006), “рум₁”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 11 (раб – сая́н), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN
• Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2006), “ру́мза”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 11 (раб – сая́н), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN
• Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1990), “лю́ма”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 6 (лі́ра – мая́чыць), Minsk: Navuka i technika
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “рум¹”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 139
• Vasmer, Max (1972) “рю́ма”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 3 (Муза – Сят), Moscow: Progress, page 533
• Vasmer, Max (1972) “ры́мза”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 3 (Муза – Сят), Moscow: Progress, page 528