Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čędo

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Most likely of native origin:

• Equivalent to Proto-Indo-European *ken-do-, from *(s)ken- + *-do. Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek καινός (kainós, “new”), Latin recēns (“new, fresh”), Sanskrit कन्या (kanyā), Old Irish cenél (“race; people; kind”), Middle Welsh bachgen (“boy”). For the suffix, compare *stado (“herd, flock”) < *stati (“to stand, become”) +‎ *-do.
• ESSJa: *čędъ, *čęda, *čędo originally were deverbal adjectives from *čęti +‎ *-dъ, parallel to *čętъ, *čęta, *čęto. Trubačev compares the voicing to that in Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ : Lithuanian tvirtas.
• Martynov associates *čęd- with *čęstь (“part”), proposing original meaning “branch, descent” → “offspring”.

Another theory considers Proto-Slavic *čę̀do a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *kinþą / *kindą. This etymology, however, fails to explain related terms with s-mobile like Old East Slavic щадок (ščadok, “offspring”).

Noun

*čę̀do n

1. offspring
2. child

Inflection

Declension of *čę̀do (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*čę̀do	*čę̀dě	*čę̀da
genitive	*čę̀da	*čę̀du	*čę̀dъ
dative	*čę̀du	*čę̀doma	*čę̀domъ
accusative	*čę̀do	*čę̀dě	*čę̀da
instrumental	*čę̀dъmь, *čę̀domь*	*čę̀doma	*čę̀dȳ
locative	*čę̀dě	*čę̀du	*čę̀dě̄xъ
vocative	*čę̀do	*čę̀dě	*čę̀da

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Alternative forms

• *čędъ m
• *čęda f

Derived terms

• *čęditi
• *čędьskъ
• *čędьnъ (“pristine”) (probably)
• *bezčędьnъ (“childless”)

Related terms

• *čęti (“to mark (a tipping point)”)
• *čędь, *(š)čędъkъ
• *konъ, *konьcь (“end”)
• *ščenę (“young animal”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: чадо (čado), чадь (čadĭ)
    • Belarusian: ча́да (čáda)
    • Russian: ча́до (čádo), dial. ча́да (čáda)
    • Carpathian Rusyn: ча́до (čádo)
    • Ukrainian: ча́до (čádo)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: чѧдо (čędo)

    Glagolitic script: ⱍⱔⰴⱁ (čędo)

  • Bulgarian: че́до (čédo); че́ндо (čéndo), ча́до (čádo) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: чедо (čedo)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: че̏до

    Latin script: čȅdo, rare čed

  • Slovene: dial. čèh (possibly)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: čad, čád
    • Czech: čáda, čado, čiado (obsolete)
  • Slovak: čado (dialectal)

References

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “чадо”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čędo / *čęda / *čędъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 102