Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stado

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *stā́ˀda, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-dʰh₁-o-m, from *steh₂- (“to stand”). Morphologically *stati +‎ *-do. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *stōdą (“herd of horses”), Lithuanian stõdas (“herd”), Latvian stāds (“plant, seedling”).

Likely the original meaning of the term was structure, stand or stall, stable, akin to Latin stabulum (via *-dʰlom extension); Lithuanian stógas (“build, physique”), Proto-Celtic *stagnos (“tin”) (via *-gʰos extension); and Ancient Greek στάδιον (stádion, “stadium”) (0-grade, via *-dis extension).

Noun

*stàdo n

1. herd, flock

Inflection

Declension of *stàdo (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*stàdo	*stàdě	*stàda
genitive	*stàda	*stàdu	*stàdъ
dative	*stàdu	*stàdoma	*stàdomъ
accusative	*stàdo	*stàdě	*stàda
instrumental	*stàdъmь, *stàdomь*	*stàdoma	*stàdȳ
locative	*stàdě	*stàdu	*stàdě̄xъ
vocative	*stàdo	*stàdě	*stàda

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂- (0 c, 12 e)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: стадо (stado)
    • Belarusian: ста́да (stáda)
    • Russian: ста́до (stádo)
    • Ukrainian: ста́до (stádo)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: стадо (stado)

    Glagolitic script: ⱄⱅⰰⰴⱁ (stado)

  • Bulgarian: ста́до (stádo)
  • Macedonian: стадо (stado)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ста̏до

    Latin script: stȁdo

  • Slovene: —
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: stádo
    • Czech: stádo
  • Old Polish: stado
    • Polish: stado
  • Slovak: stádo
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: stadło
    • Lower Sorbian: stadło

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “стадо”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “стадо”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 197
• Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “стадо”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
• Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “стадо”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 427