Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *təy (Chou, 1972)
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *m-t(w)əy-n ⪤ *m-ti-s ("water / fluid / liquid / soak"), *twəy ⪤ dwəy ("water / egg / spit"), *twəy-n ("water / river"), *ti(y) ("water") (Matisoff, STEDT); *ti(y), *twiy (Benedict, 1972); *twəy (Chou, 1972)

Root

*m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s

Descendants

Old Chinese: 涕 (*l̥ˁəjʔ, *l̥ˁəjʔ-s (B-S), *tʰiːlʔ, *tʰiːls, “tears”), 洟 (*l̥ˁəj-s (B-S), *lil, *l̥ʰiːls, “nasal mucus”)
- Middle Chinese: 涕 (tʰeiX, tʰeiH), 洟 (jiɪ, tʰeiH)
  - Modern Mandarin
    - Beijing: 涕 (tì) (tì, /tʰi⁵¹/), 洟 (yí, /ji³⁵/)
Kamarupan
- Proto-Kuki-Chin: *tuy
  - Central
    - Mizo: tui
    - Falam Chin: ti
    - Lai: ti
  - Khomic
    - Khumi Chin: tui
  - Northern
    - Zou: tui
- "Naga"
  - Northern Naga
    /*təy/ (French, 1983)
  - Tangkhulic
    /*dɨ/ (Mortensen, 2012)
Himalayish
- Tibeto-Kanauri
  - Bodic
    - Tibetan
      - Written Tibetan: མཆི་མ (mchi ma, “tears”)
- Mahakiranti
  - Kham-Magar-Chepang-Sunwar
    - Chepang: /tiʔ/ ("water")
  - Kiranti
    - Western Kiranti
      - Hayu: /ti/ ("water")
Sal
- Jingpho-Asakian
  - Jingpho
    - Jingpho [Kachin]: madi (“wet, moist”), madit (“wet, moist; dampen”)
- Bodo-Koch
  - Bodo-Garo
    - Kokborok: twi
    - Garo: chi
Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
- Lolo-Burmese
  *m/ʔ-titᴴ (“wet; soak”)
  - Loloish
    - Central Loloish
      - Lisu (Southern): ꓔꓲꓹ (tǐ, “to immerse in water, dye”)
  - Burmish
    - Written Burmese: ထွေး (htwe:, “to spit”)
Proto-Karen: *thejᴬ (“water”) (Luangthongkum, 2013)
- S'gaw Karen: ထံ (thi, “water”)
- Pa'o Karen: ထီ (“water”)
- Eastern Pwo: ထီ့ (thî, “water”)
- Western Pwo: ထံၫ (“water”)
- Western Kayah: ꤓꤛꤢꤩ꤭ (htyē, “water”)

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

Root

Descendants

See also