Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/napaḫ-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Compare with Egyptian nfj.

Verb

*napaḫ-

1. to blow

Conjugation

Conjugation of Proto-Semitic/napaḫ- (paʕala)

verbal noun					*napḫ-
active participle					*nāpiḫ-
passive participle					*napīḫ-, *napūḫ-
		singular				dual				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
perfect	m	*napaḫku	*napaḫka	*napaḫa		*napaḫkayā	*napaḫkā	*napaḫā		*napaḫna	*napaḫkanu	*napaḫū
	f		*napaḫki	*napaḫat				*napaḫatā			*napaḫkina	*napaḫā
imperfect	m	*ʔanpuḫ	*tanpuḫ	*yinpuḫ		*tanpuḫā	*yanpuḫā	*ninpuḫ		*tanpuḫū	*yinpuḫū
	f		*tanpuḫī	*tanpuḫ			*tanpuḫā			*tanpuḫā	*yinpuḫā
imperative	m		*napuḫ			*napuḫā				*napuḫū
	f		*napuḫī							*napuḫā

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒃸𒃸 (napāḫum, “to blow”)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: نَفَخَ (nafaḵa, “to blow”)
      • Maltese: nefaħ
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic: נָפַח (nāp̄aḥ, “to blow”), נְפַח (nəp̄aḥ, “to blow”).
        • Classical Syriac: ܢܦܰܚ (nəp̄aḥ, “to blow”)
        • Kurdish:

          → Northern Kurdish: nepixîn (“to swell up, be puffed up”), nepixandin (“tto cause to swell, blow, puff up”)

      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: נָפַח (nafákh, nāp̄aḥ, “to blow”)
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Amharic: ነፋ (näffa)
    • Ge'ez: ነፍኀ (näfḫä), ነፍሐ (näfḥä, “to blow”)
    • Sebat Bet Gurage: ነፋ (näfa, “to blow”)
    • Tigre: ነፍሓ (näfḥa, “to blow”)
    • Tigrinya: ነፍሔ (näfḥe, “to blow”)
  • Modern South Arabian:
    • Harsusi: nefōḥ (“to blow”)
    • Mehri: nefḥ (“to blow”)
    • Shehri: nifḥ (“to blow”)
    • Soqotri: náfaḥ (“to blow”)

References

• “npḥ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–