nfj

Egyptian

Etymology

Compare with Proto-Semitic *napaḫ-.

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈniːfit/ → /ˈniːfiʔ/ → /ˈniːfa/ → /ˈniːfə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈniːfit/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈniːfiʔ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈniːfa/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈniːfə/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /nɛfi/
  • Conventional anglicization: nefi

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (transitive or intransitive) to exhale or blow (+ r: on)

Inflection

Conjugation of nfj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: nf, geminated stem: nff

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
nft, nfj	nfw, nf	nft, nfwt, nfyt	nf	nf, nfy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
nf8, nff8	ḥr nft, ḥr nfj	m nft, m nfj	r nft, r nfj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	nf.n	nfw, nf, nfy	consecutive	nf.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	nft, nfyt
perfective3	nf	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	nf.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	nf, nfy	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	nfw, nf, nfy	nfw, nf, nfy	potentialis1	nf.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	nf, nfy	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	nf.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	nfw1, nfy, nf	active + .tj1, .tw2	nf	nfy, nf
imperfective	nff, nffy, nffw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	nff, nffj6, nffy6	nff, nffw5
prospective	nfw1, nfy, nf, nftj7	—	nfwtj1 4, nftj4, nft4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Descendants

• Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲓϥⲓ (nifi)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲓϥⲉ (nife)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 250.11–250.13