Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/šum

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Cognate with Egyptian sn.

Pronoun

*šum(ū) m

1. they (masculine third-person plural personal pronoun)

See also

Proto-Semitic independent personal pronouns

		1st person	2nd person m	2nd person f	3rd person m	3rd person f
Nominative	Singular	*ʔanāku	*ʔanta	*ʔanti	*šuʔa	*šiʔa
	Dual	*niḥnu	*antumā / *antumay		*šumā / *šumay
	Plural		*ʔantum(ū)	*ʔantin(ā)	*šum(ū)	*šin(ā)
Oblique	Singular	— (enclitics used instead)			*šuʔātī	*šiʔātī
	Dual				*šumātī / *šumāytī
	Plural				*šumūtī	*šinātī

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒋗𒉡 (šunu)
• Proto-West Semitic: *hum
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: هُمْ (hum)
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic: הֵנוֹן (hēnōn)

        Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אינהו (ʾīnhū)

      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: הֵם (hem, hēm)
        • Phoenician: 𐤄𐤌𐤕 (hmt /⁠hmt⁠/)
      • Ugaritic: 𐎅𐎎 (hm /⁠hum⁠/)
  • Modern South Arabian:
    • Shehri: šum