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Reconstruction:Proto-Austroasiatic/tŋiːʔ

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This Proto-Austroasiatic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austroasiatic

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Etymology

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  • Proto-Austroasiatic: *tŋiːʔ (Sidwell, 2024, #AA027)
  • Proto-Mon-Khmer: *t₂ŋiiʔ (Shorto, 2006, #31)

The Munda reflexes for this item are of the "Northern Austroasiatic" type (with a fricative, affricate or palatal stop), opposed to the more common "non-Northern" type (with alveolar/dental stop). The three "Northern" branches (Khmuic, Palaungic, Khasian) all have non-*t- reflexes here, although they do not always agree: Proto-Khasian *ktʰaŋ vs. Proto-Khmuic *c₁aŋ, Proto-Palaungic *ʦaŋ (bitter).

Noun

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*tŋiːʔ

  1. day
  2. sun

Descendants

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  • Aslian:
    • Southern Aslian
      • Semaq Beri: təŋiʔ
      • Semelai: tɲi
  • Bahnaric: *tŋaj (Sidwell, 2011)
    • West Bahnaric:
      • Laven:
        • Jru': tŋaj
        • Juk: taŋaj
        • Su: taŋaj
      • Brao: təŋaj
    • Central Bahnaric:
      • Alak: taŋaj
      • South Bahnaric:
        • Koho: töngai
    • North Bahnaric:
  • Katuic: *tŋaj (Sidwell, 2005)
  • Khasian: *sŋiː (Sidwell, 2018)
  • Khmeric:
  • Khmuic: *cŋi/eʔ (Sidwell, 2013)
    • Khmu: sŋiʔ
    • Khsing-Mul: cəlŋeː
    • Mal: ŋeʔ
  • Munda:
    • North Munda:
    • Bondo: siŋi
  • Monic:
  • Palaungic: *cəŋiːʔ (Sidwell, 2015)
    • Riang: sᵊɲiʔ¹
    • Palaung:
    • Plang:
      • La Gang: sà.ŋìʔ
      • Man Noi: sá.ŋíʔ
  • Pearic: *tŋiʔ (Headley, 1985)
    • Chong: ŋiʔ ("noon")
  • Vietic: *-ŋiː (Ferlus, 2007)
    • Tho:
      • Cuối Chăm: ŋaj¹
      • Làng Lỡ: ŋiː¹
    • Viet-Muong:
  • >? Old Javanese: taṅhi
  • >? Old Javanese: sṛŋeŋe