Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/təŋəʀ

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Noun

*təŋəʀ

kind of mangrove, Ceriops spp., with bark used for dyeing

Descendants

Philippine
- Central Philippine
  - Visayan
    - Cebuano: tungóg
    - Aklanon: tungóg
- Manobo
  - Binukid: tengeg
  - Western Bukidnon Manobo: tengeg
North Bornean
- Southwest Sabahan
  - Dusunic
    - Coastal Kadazan: tongo
Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
- Simeulue: tengel
Lampungic
- Lampung Api: tengor
Malayo-Sumbawan
- Malayic
  - Iban: tengar
  - Malay: tengar
    - Indonesian: tengar
    - →? Cebuano: tangal
South Sulawesi
- Makasar: tangngere'
Central Malayo-Polynesian
- Selaru: téar
Palauan: denges
Proto-Oceanic: *toŋoʀ
- St. Matthias
  - Mussau-Emira: toŋo
- Western Oceanic
  - Meso-Melanesian
    - Uneapa: tongoro
    - Madak: tongo
  - North New Guinea
    - Gitua: tongor
    - Gedaged: tong
- Central-Eastern Oceanic
  - Southeast Solomonic
    - Gela: tongo
    - Arosi: ongo
  - Micronesian
    - Gilbertese: tongo
  - Central Pacific
    - West Fijian–Rotuman
      - Rotuman: fogo
      - Western Fijian: togo
    - East Fijian–Polynesian
      - Fijian: dogo
      - Proto-Polynesian: *toŋo
        Nuclear Polynesian
        Samoic–Outlier
        Ellicean
        Nukuoro: donga
        Sikaiana: tono
        Takuu: tono
        Tuvaluan: togo
        Futunic
        East Futuna: togo
        Emae: togo
        Futuna-Aniwa: togo
        West Uvean: tongo
        Samoic
        Samoan: togo
        Tokelauan: togo
        Eastern Polynesian
        Marquesic
        Mangarevan: togotogo
        Tongic
        Tongan: tongo
        Niuean: togo

References

Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *teŋeR.