Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/kuru
Appearance
Proto-Japonic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Verb
[edit]*kuru
- to give
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]The core underlying meaning seems to be spin; turn around and around, as in Japanese adverb くるるに (kururu ni) and related vowel-shifted root *koro and derivations such as Japanese 転ぶ (korobu, “to tumble, to fall over”) and 転がる (korogaru, “to roll, to roll around”).
The derived sense of go mad (verb) and painful (adjective) arose from the way that someone suffering from convulsions would often turn around and around.[1][2]
Root
[edit]*kuru
Descendants
[edit]- Old Japanese: くるるに (kururu ni, “spinningly, turningly”), 狂ふ (kurupu, “go mad”), 苦し (kurusi, “painful, stressful, excruciating”)
- Japanese: くるくる (kurukuru, “spinningly”)
- Old Japanese: 繰 (kuru, “to spin a thread”)
- Japanese: 繰る (kuru)
- Proto-Ryukyuan: *kuri (“to spin a thread”)
- Proto-Ryukyuan: *kuru (“painful”)
- Northern Ryukyuan:
- Kikai: 苦さい (-gurusai) (only used as a suffix)
- Kunigami: 苦ーしぇん (-gurūshen, -gurīshen) (only used as a suffix)
- Northern Amami Ōshima: 苦しゃり (xurushari)
- Okinawan: 苦さん (kurisan)
- Okinoerabu: 苦しゃん (gurushan)
- Southern Amami Ōshima: 苦しさむっ (gurushisam) (possibly a Japanese loanword)
- Tokunoshima: 苦しゃい (xurushai), 苦い (goroi), 苦ーい (xwëëi)
- Yoron: 苦しゃん (gusshan, gurushan)
- Southern Ryukyuan:
- Northern Ryukyuan:
References
[edit]- ^ “狂”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ “苦”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006