Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/kapa

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Etymology 1

Noun

*kapa

1. source of freshwater

Descendants

• Old Japanese: 河 (kapa, “river”)
  • Japanese: 川 (kawa)
• Proto-Ryukyuan: *kawa (“spring, well”)
  • Northern Ryukyuan:
    • Kikai: 川 (hā)
    • Kunigami: 川 (hā)
    • Northern Amami Ōshima: 川 (xō)
    • Okinawan: 川 (kā)
    • Okinoerabu: 川 (hō)
    • Southern Amami Ōshima: 川 (xō)
    • Tokunoshima: 川 (xō)
    • Yoron: 川 (kō)
  • Southern Ryukyuan:
    • Miyako: 川 (kā)
    • Yaeyama: 川 (kā)
    • Yonaguni: 川 (kā)

Etymology 2

Noun

*kapa

1. bark, hide, skin
2. leather
3. the side of something, the surface or covering of something

Descendants

• Old Japanese: 皮, 革 (kapa, “hide, leather; bark”), 側 (kapa, “side”)
  • Japanese: 皮, 革 (kawa, “hide, leather; bark}”), 側 (kawa, “side”)
• Proto-Ryukyuan: *kawa
  • Northern Ryukyuan:
    • Kikai: 皮, 革 (hā)
    • Kunigami: 皮, 革 (hā)
    • Northern Amami Ōshima: 皮, 革 (xō)
    • Okinawan: 皮, 革 (kā)
    • Okinoerabu: 皮, 革 (hō)
    • Southern Amami Ōshima: 皮, 革 (xō)
    • Tokunoshima: 皮, 革 (xo, xō)
    • Yoron: 皮, 革 (hō)
  • Southern Ryukyuan:
    • Miyako: 皮, 革 (kā)
    • Yaeyama: 皮, 革 (kā)
    • Yonaguni: 皮, 革 (kā)