Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/winkō

This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Italic

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Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wi-n-k-, nasal infix from *weyk- (“to overcome”), whence also Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽 (weihan, “to fight”) and Old Church Slavonic вѣкъ (věkŭ, “age, long period of time”).

De Vaan believes that the roots *weyk- meaning "to overcome" (whence Latin vincō) and "to bend, curve" (whence Latin vinciō) are identical.

Verb

*winkō first-singular present indicative^[1]

to tie, bind
to conquer, overcome

Inflection

Inflection of *winkō (third conjugation)
Present	*winkō
Perfect	—
Aorist	*weik(s)om
Past participle	*wiktos
Present indicative	Active	Passive
1st sing.	*winkō	*winkōr
2nd sing.	*winkes	*winkezo
3rd sing.	*winket	*winketor
1st plur.	*winkomos	*winkomor
2nd plur.	*winketes	*winkem(e?)n(ai?)
3rd plur.	*winkont	*winkontor

Present subjunctive	Active	Passive
1st sing.	*winkām	*winkār
2nd sing.	*winkās	*winkāzo
3rd sing.	*winkād	*winkātor
1st plur.	*winkāmos	*winkāmor
2nd plur.	*winkātes	*winkām(e?)n(ai?)
3rd plur.	*winkānd	*winkāntor

Perfect indicative	Active
1st sing.	—
2nd sing.	—
3rd sing.	—
1st plur.	—
2nd plur.	—
3rd plur.	—

Aorist indicative	Active
1st sing.	*weik(s)om
2nd sing.	*weik(s)es
3rd sing.	*weik(s)ed
1st plur.	*wik(s)ome
2nd plur.	*wik(s)ete
3rd plur.	*wik(s)ond

Present imperative	Active	Passive
2nd sing.	*winke	*winkezo
2nd plur.	*winkete	—

Future imperative	Active
2nd + 3rd sing.	*winketōd

Participles	Present	Past
	*winkents	*wiktos

Verbal nouns	tu-derivative	s-derivative
	*wiktum	*winkezi

Derived terms

*winkelom (“fetter”)^[2]
- Latin: vinculum
- ⇒ Umbrian: preuiślatu (“he/she must fetter (preemptively)”, imperative 3sg.)

Descendants

Latin: vincō, vinciō

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 679-80
^ Untermann, Jürgen (2000) “U.preuiślatu”, in Wörterbuch des Oskisch-Umbrischen [Dictionary of Oscan-Umbrian] (Handbuch der italischen Dialekte; 3), Heidelberg: Winter, →ISBN, page 576f.

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 679-80

[2] Untermann, Jürgen (2000) “U.preuiślatu”, in Wörterbuch des Oskisch-Umbrischen [Dictionary of Oscan-Umbrian] (Handbuch der italischen Dialekte; 3), Heidelberg: Winter, →ISBN, page 576f.

[1]

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