Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/jáHs

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰžʰáHs, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰḿ̥h₂s (“earth”). Cognate with Sanskrit क्षम् (kṣám).

Noun

*jáHs ~ *jmáh f

1. earth

Inflection

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

• *jamiHkah
  • Bactrian: ζαμιιο (zamiio /⁠zamī⁠/)
  • Baluchi: زمین (zamín), زمیگ (zamíg)
  • Kurdish:

    Northern Kurdish: zevî

    Central Kurdish: زەوی (zewî), زەڤی (zevî), زەوین (zewîn)

    Southern Kurdish: زەۊ (zeẅ)

  • Old Mazanderani: زمین (zamīn)
    • Mazanderani: زمین (zamīn)
  • Gilaki: زمین (zəmīn, zimīn)
  • Parthian: 𐫉𐫖𐫏𐫃 (zmyg), 𐫉𐫖𐫏𐫞 (zmyq /⁠zamīg⁠/)
    • → Middle Persian: (/⁠zamīg⁠/)

      Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫖𐫏𐫃 (zmyg), 𐫉𐫖𐫏𐫞 (zmyq)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zmyk')

      Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮆𐮋𐮈𐮉 (zmyk)

      Pazend script: 𐬰𐬀𐬨𐬍 (zamī)

      • Classical Persian: زمی (zamī)

        Iranian Persian: زمین (zamîn)

        Dari: زمین (zamîn)

        Tajik: замин (zamin)

        • → Yagnobi: замин (zamin)
  • Kermanic: زمین (zemīn) (Kermani), زوین (zvīn), وزین (vzīn) (Zoroastrian Dari)
  • Tafreshi:
    • Amorehi: زمین (zemīn)
    • Kahaki: زمین (zemīn)
    • Vafsi: زوین (zavīn)
  • Old Azari: زمی (zamī)
    • Harzani: زمی (zamī)
    • Karingani: زمی (zamī)
  • Talysh: (/⁠zamī⁠/)

    Arabic script: زمی

    Latin script: zəmı

  • Gurani: زەمین (zemîn /⁠zamīn⁠/)
  • Zazaki: zimê (/⁠zimē⁠/), zemîn (/⁠zamīn⁠/)
  • Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dmyk' /⁠damīg⁠/)
    • Classical Persian: دمیک (damīk)

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬨 (zam), 𐬰𐬃 (zā̊, nom.sg.), 𐬰𐬄𐬨 (ząm, acc.sg.), 𐬰𐬆𐬨𐬋 (zəmō, gen.sg./nom.pl.)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • ⇒ Proto-Scythian: *zamā
    • ⇒ Proto-Scythian: *zamak(k)ā
      • Proto-Sarmatian: *zamaxa, *zanxa
        • Alanic: *zænxæ
          • Ossetian:

            Digor Ossetian: зӕнхӕ (zænxæ)

            Iron Ossetian: зӕхх (zæxx)

    • Khotanese: *ysama
      • ⇒ Khotanese: [script needed] (ysamaśśaṃdai)
  • Sogdian: (/⁠zāy⁠/)

    Sogdian script: [script needed] (zʾyh), [script needed] (zʾy)

    Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫀𐫏𐫍 (zʾyh), 𐫉𐫀𐫏 (zʾy)

    Syriac script: ܙܐܝ (zʾy), ܙܝ (zy), ݍܝ (žy)

• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Pashto: ځمکه (dzmëka), مځکه (mdzëka), زمکه (zmëka)
  • Yazghulami: زماذ (zəmāδ)