Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/θanǰáyati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *tʰanǰʰáyati or *tanǰʰáyati, from Proto-Indo-European *tongʰ-éye-ti, from *tengʰ- (“to pull, weigh down”) +‎ *-éyeti. *θ- is unexpected; perhaps the result of the influence of a similar word.

Verb

*θanǰáyati

1. to pull
2. to weigh (down)

Derived terms

• *āθanǰáyati (“to draw, draw up, draw out”)
  • Parthian:

    Parthian: 𐫀𐫍𐫏𐫗𐫋𐫏𐫅 (ʾhynjyd), 𐫀𐫍𐫏𐫗𐫋𐫏𐫏𐫅 (ʾhynjyyd /⁠āhenǰ-⁠/)

    • → Middle Persian: (/⁠āhanǰēd⁠/)

      Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫍𐫏𐫗𐫉𐫏𐫅 (ʾhynzyd /⁠āhanzēd⁠/)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾhncyt)

      • Persian: آهیختن (âhixtan), آهنگ (âhang)
  • Zazaki: ānǰen-
• *awaθanǰáyati (“to pull up?”)
  • Parthian:

    Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫇𐫍𐫗𐫋𐫏 (ʾwhnjy /⁠ōhenǰ-⁠/, pres.stem?)

• *fraθanǰáyati (“to pull towards”)
  • Younger Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬀𐬧𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (fraθaṇjaiieⁱti, “to drive to”)
  • Parthian:

    Manichaean script: 𐫜𐫡𐫍𐫏𐫗𐫋𐫀𐫆 (frhynjʾẖ /⁠frahenǰ-⁠/, “to instruct, educate”, 2sg.subj.)

    • → Middle Persian:

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (plhhtn /⁠frahixtan⁠/, “to educate, instruct, teach”)

      • Persian: فرهیختن (farhixtan), فرهنگ (farhang)
• *niθanǰáyati (“to pull back”)
  • Bactrian: ναυαγγο (nauaggo), ναυαγγινδο (nauaggindo)
  • Khotanese: [script needed] (nuhaṃj-)
  • Parthian:

    Manichaean script: 𐫗𐫍𐫗𐫋𐫏𐫗𐫅 (nhnjynd /⁠nihenǰ-⁠/, 3pl.pres.)

  • Middle Persian:

    Manichaean script: 𐫗𐫍𐫏𐫗𐫉𐫀𐫅 (nhynzʾd /⁠nihenzād⁠/, subj.)

    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (nhʾht /⁠nihāxt⁠/, perf.pass.)

  • → Old Armenian: նահանջեմ (nahanǰem, “to retreat”)
• *pariθanǰáyati (“to stretch”)
  • Sogdian:

    Buddhist: [script needed] (prδʾɣtʾkw ɣʾy, 3sg.pret.intr.)

    Christian: [script needed] (pryθyncnt, 3pl.impf.)

• *patiθanǰáyati (“to pull out; to weigh”)
  • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (pθxs-, “to take refuge in (God)”)
  • Parthian:

    Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫅𐫍𐫏𐫗𐫋𐫀𐫆 (pdhynjʾẖ /⁠padhenǰ-⁠/, “to weigh”, 2sg.subj.)

  • Sogdian: (/⁠pati-⁠/, “to pull out”)

    Buddhist: [script needed] (pδʾyncʾt)

    Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫇𐫎‎ 𐫛𐫔𐫔𐫀𐫄𐫎𐫏𐫏 (βwṯ‎ pδδʾɣṯyy, “is pulled out”)

• *upaθanǰáyati (“to pull up”)
  • Khotanese: [script needed] (bāthaṃj-, “to pluck out”)
  • → Old Armenian: պահանջեմ (pahanǰem, “to demand back”)

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Younger Avestan: 𐬚𐬀𐬧𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬧𐬙𐬈 (θaṇjaiieṇte, 3pl.pres.med.)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Proto-Scythian:
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (thaṃj-)
    • Wakhi: [script needed] (tanj-)
      • → Kermanic:

        Isfahani: [script needed] (tanj-)

  • Sogdian: (/⁠θeṁč-⁠/)

    Buddhist: [script needed] (δyncʾk, “to pull out”, pres.part.)

    • → Persian: لنجیدن (lenjidan, lanjidan) (Balkhi)
• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Sanglechi: [script needed] (inj-)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Kurdish:

    Central Kurdish: ھەڵ-ھێنجان (hell-hêncan)

    Southern Kurdish: ھەڵ-ھێنجانن (hell-hêncanin), ئەڵ-ونجانن (ell-wincanin)

  • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *θanǰáyati
    • Proto-Komisenian:
      • Aftari: anj-
      • Sangisari: [script needed] (enj-)
    • Old Median: *θanǰayati (“to draw (water), irrigate”)
      • Middle Median: *hanǰēd
        • Kermanic: (“to irrigate”)

          Gazi: [script needed] (enj-)

          Khuri, Soi: [script needed] (henj-)

        • Tatic:
          • Central Tati: (h)enj-
          • Southern Tati: hönj-
          • Talysh: [script needed] (hinj-), [script needed] (xənj-)
        • → Middle Persian:

          Book Pahlavi script: 𐮴𐮵𐮿𐯍𐮲𐯁 (hncyt /⁠hanǰēd⁠/, “to draw (water)”)

          • Persian: هنجیدن (hanjidan)
      • Semnani: [script needed] (inj-)
  • → Old Persian: [script needed] (*θanǰayati)
    • Middle Persian:

      Book Pahlavi script: 𐮽𐮵𐮿𐯍𐮲𐯁 (𐮽𐮵𐮿𐯍𐮲𐯁 /⁠sanǰed⁠/, “to weigh”)

      • Persian: سختن (saxtan), سنجیدن (sanjidan)
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Shirazi: [script needed] (tanzīdan, “to weigh”) (dated?)