Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/wíćwas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wisos, or from Proto-Indo-European *wi, then cognate with Proto-Slavic *vьxъ.

Adjective

*wíćwas

all, every
Synonym: *sárwas

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wíśwas
- Sanskrit: विश्व (víśva, “all, every; universe”) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *wícwah (“all, every; whole”)
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬞𐬀 (vīspa)
- Northeastern Iranian:
  - Khotanese: [script needed] (biśśa)
  - Sogdo-Bactrian:
    - Bactrian: οισπο (oispo /⁠wīsp⁠/)
    - Sogdian: (/⁠wisp⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫛 (wysp)
      
      Sogdian script: [script needed] (wysp)
      
      Syriac script: ܘܝܣܦ (wysp)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Kurdish: (perhaps, c.f. گشت (gešt) in Persian)
    Central Kurdish: گشت (gišt)
    
    Northern Kurdish: gişt (gišt), gîh (gīh)
  - Proto-Medo-Parthian: *wíspah
    - Caspian:
      - Old Mazanderani: گشت (gešt, “all, every; everywhere”)
    - Old Median: [Term?] (/⁠*vispa⁠/)
      - → Old Persian: 𐎻𐎿𐎱 (vi-s-p /⁠vispa⁠/)
        Middle Persian: (/⁠wisp⁠/)
        Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫛 (wysp)
        
        Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭥𐭮𐭯 (wsp)
        
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (wsp), [Book Pahlavi needed] (wst')
        
        Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮅𐮍𐮎𐮈 (wspy)
        
        Pazend script: 𐬬𐬌𐬯𐬞 (visp)
        
        Classical Persian: وسف (wisf, “all”) (only in Zoroastrian texts), گشت (gešt, “all; everyone”) (Perhaps influenced from the Book Pahlvi script; >wisp >*gisp/t >*gišp/t >gišt)
        Iranian Persian: گشت (gešt, “all; everyone”) (only as slang word)
    - Parthian: (/⁠wisp⁠/)
      Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭅𐭉𐭎𐭐 (wysp)
      
      Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫛 (wysp)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Old Persian: 𐎻𐎿 (vi-s /⁠visa⁠/)