Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/sárwas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From earlier *sárHwas, from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂-wós, from *solh₂- (“whole”).

Adjective

*sárwas

1. all
2. entire, whole

Synonyms

• *wíćwas

Derived terms

• Proto-Iranian: *hárwa-wícwah
  • Khotanese: [script needed] (harbiśśa)
  • Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀. 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬞𐬀 (ha^uruua. vīspa)
    • → Middle Persian: (/⁠harwisp⁠/, “all, every; everyone”)

      Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫡𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫛 (hrwysp)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (KRAwsp), [Book Pahlavi needed] (hlwsp'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (hlwst')

      Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮉𐮅𐮀𐮅𐮍𐮎𐮈 (KRAwspy)

      • Classical Persian: هروسف (harwisf) (only in Zoroastrian texts)

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sárwas
  • Sanskrit: सर्व (sárva)
    • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯 (savva)
      • Awadhi: सब (sab)
    • Dardic:
      • Grangali: [script needed] (ṣōka)
      • Kalami: [script needed] (sō), [script needed] (sūo)
      • Khowar: سف (saf)
      • Shumashti: [script needed] (šauke)
      • Torwali: سوو (sōw)
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Sinhalese: සව (sawa), හව (hawa)
    • Kholosi: sāf
    • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯 (savva)
      • Assamese: সব (xobo)
      • Bengali: সব্ব (śobbo), সব (śobo), সপ (śop)
      • Bihari:
        • Bhojpuri: सभ (sabh)
        • Maithili: सब (sab), सभ (sabh)
      • Odia: ସବୋ (sabo)
    • Pali: sabba
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯 (savva)
      • Garhwali: सब (sab)
      • Hindustani:

        Hindi: सब (sab)

        Urdu: سب (sab)

      • Kumaoni: सब (sab)
      • Nepali: सब (sab)
      • Old Gujarati: सव (sava)
        • Gujarati: સહુ (sahu), સૌ (sau), સવ (sav)
      • Punjabi: ਸਭ (sabh)
      • Romani: savoro, saro
      • Sindhi: सभु (sabhu)
• Proto-Iranian: *hárwah
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (ha^uruua, “whole, each”)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Pashto: هر (har)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Kurdish:

      Central Kurdish: هەر (har)

      Northern Kurdish: her (har)

      Southern Kurdish: هەر (har)

      Laki: هەر (har)

    • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
      • Caspian
        • Gilaki: هر (har), ار (ar)
        • Mazanderani: هر (har)
      • Parthian: (/⁠harw⁠/)

        Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭊𐭓𐭀 (KRA)

        Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫡𐫇 (hrw)

      • Zaza-Gurani:
        • Gurani: گِر (gir)
        • Zazaki: hırg (hirg)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: 𐏃𐎽𐎺 (h-ru-v /⁠haruva⁠/)
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠harw⁠/)

        Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫡𐫇 (hrw)

        Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭪𐭥𐭠 (KRA)

        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (KRA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (hl)

        Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮉𐮅𐮀 (KRA)

        Pazend script: 𐬵𐬀𐬭 (har)

        • Persian: هر (har, “each”)
          • → Azerbaijani: hər / هر
          • → Bashkir: һәр (hər)
          • → Gujarati: હર (har)
          • → Hindustani:

            Hindi: हर (har)

            Urdu: ہر (har)

          • → Kazakh: әр (är)
          • → Kyrgyz: ар (ar)
          • → Ottoman Turkish: هر (her)
            • Turkish: her
          • → Southern Altai: ар (ar)
          • → Tatar: här
          • → Turkmen: her
          • → Uzbek: har
• Proto-Nuristani: *súwwa
  • Northern Nuristani:
    • Kamkata-viri:

      Kamviri: sṹdi

      Kativiri: súv

    • Prasuni: sučók
  • Southern Nuristani:
    • Ashkun: sëvā́k
    • Tregami: sastok
    • Waigali: söv

References

• Martínez García, Javier, de Vaan, Michiel (2014) Introduction to Avestan (Brill Introductions to Indo-European Languages; 1)‎^[1], Brill, →ISBN
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sárva”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press