Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ní

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ní.

Adverb

*ní

1. down, downwards
2. in, into
3. engrave, inscribe

Derived terms

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nīcás
  • Sanskrit: नीच (nīcá, “low”)
  • Avestan: 𐬥𐬍𐬱 (nīš, “without”), 𐬥𐬍𐬲 (nīž)

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ní
  • Sanskrit: नि (ní), निर्- (nir-), निस्- (nis-)
• Proto-Iranian: *ní
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan:

      Old Avestan: 𐬥𐬍 (nī)

      Younger Avestan: 𐬥𐬌 (ni)

  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Khotanese: ni-, nä-
    • Sogdian: [script needed] (n-) (in [script needed] (npys-, “to write down”))
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Northern Kurdish: ni- (eg. in nivistin (“to sleep”))
    • Parthian: n-
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: 𐎴 (ni) (in 𐎴-𐎱𐎮𐎹 (ni-padiy, “on the trail of”))
      • Middle Persian: n- (ni)
        • Persian: ن- (ne) (eg. in نشستن (nešastan, “to sit”))
• Proto-Nuristani:
  • Northern Nuristani:
    • Kamkata-viri:

      Kamviri: ni

      Kativiri: ni

    • Prasuni: n- (“downriver”)