Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/mátsyas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Unknown; possibly borrowed from the BMAC substrate, compare the lack of similarity with Western Indo-European *peysk- (“fish”) and Eastern Indo-European *dʰǵʰu- (“fish”).^[1]^[2] Alternative theories link the term to Proto-Germanic *matiz (“food”).^[3]

Noun

*mátsyas m^[1]^[2]^[4]^[5]

fish

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mátsyas	*mátsyā	*mátsyā, -ās(as)
vocative	*mátsya	*mátsyā	*mátsyā, -ās(as)
accusative	*mátsyam	*mátsyā	*mátsyāns
instrumental	*mátsyā	*mátsyaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*mátsyāyš
ablative	*mátsyāt	*mátsyaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*mátsyaybʰyas
dative	*mátsyāy	*mátsyaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*mátsyaybʰyas
genitive	*mátsyasya	*mátsyayās	*mátsyāna(H)m
locative	*mátsyay	*mátsyayaw	*mátsyayšu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mátsyas
- Sanskrit: मत्स्य (mátsya) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *mácyah^[5]
- Central Iranian:
  - Younger Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬀 (masiia)
- Northeastern Iranian:
  - Wakhi: (/⁠mōī⁠/)
    Arabic script: مؤي
    
    Cyrillic script: мои (mo-yi)
- Southeastern Iranian:
  - Ormuri: مائي (māī)
  - Pashto: مشی (məšáy)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Baluchi: ماہیگ (māhīg)
  - Kurdish:
    Northern Kurdish: masî (/⁠māsī⁠/)
    
    Central Kurdish: ماسی (masî /⁠māsī⁠/)
    
    Southern Kurdish: ماسی (masî /⁠māsī⁠/)
    
    Laki: مایی (mayî /⁠māyī⁠/)
  - Proto-Medo-Parthian:
    - Isfahani: مای (māy)
    - Sangisari: مایی (māī)
    - Parthian: (/⁠māsyāg⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫀𐫘𐫏𐫀𐫃 (mʾsyʾg)
      - → Sogdian: (/⁠māsyāg⁠/)
        Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫀𐫘𐫏𐫀𐫃 (mʾsyʾg)
    - Zaza- Gorani:
      - Gurani: ماساۋی (/⁠māsāʋī⁠/)
      - Zazaki: mase (/⁠māsa⁠/)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠māhīg⁠/)
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (mʾhyk')
    
    Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫀𐫍𐫏𐫃 (mʾhyg)
    - Classical Persian: ماهی (māhī)
      Persian: ماهی (mâhi)
      
      Tajik: моҳӣ (mohi)
    - Lurish:
      Northern Luri: مۏیی (möyi)
Proto-Nuristani: *másca
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: ṓmaći (< *ā́pa-mascaká)
    
    Kativiri: maćë́
  - Prasuni: tṓamüsü (?)
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Ashkun: mṓć
  - Waigali: mëć

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1
^{The template Template:R:iir:Lubotsky:1999 does not use the parameter(s): head=*matsi̯a- m. ʻfishʼ
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎^[1], Helsinki, page 3
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Schmitt, Rüdiger (2017–2018) “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Indo-Iranian, page 1949: “*mátsi̯a- ʻfishʼ”
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 297-8
^ Martínez García, Javier, de Vaan, Michiel (2014) Introduction to Avestan (Brill Introductions to Indo-European Languages; 1)‎^[3], Brill, →ISBN, page 32: “*matsia̯- ‘fish’”
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Lipp, Reiner (2009) Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter, page 150

[Lubotsky-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^{The template Template:R:iir:Lubotsky:1999 does not use the parameter(s): head=*matsi̯a- m. ʻfishʼ
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎^[1], Helsinki, page 3

[HCHIEL-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Schmitt, Rüdiger (2017–2018) “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Indo-Iranian, page 1949: “*mátsi̯a- ʻfishʼ”

[3] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 297-8

[4] Martínez García, Javier, de Vaan, Michiel (2014) Introduction to Avestan (Brill Introductions to Indo-European Languages; 1)‎^[3], Brill, →ISBN, page 32: “*matsia̯- ‘fish’”

[Lipp-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Lipp, Reiner (2009) Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter, page 150

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