Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ćatám

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Numeral

*ćatám

hundred

Derived terms

*catákah (“one hundred years, century”)
- Kurdish: (maybe influenced by New Persian)
  Central Kurdish: سەدە (sede /⁠sada⁠/), صەدە (ṣede /⁠sˤada⁠/)
  
  Northern Kurdish: sede (/⁠sada⁠/)
- Middle Persian: (/⁠sadag⁠/, “century; Sadeh festival”)
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (stk')
  
  Pazend script: 𐬯𐬀𐬛𐬀 (sada)
  - Classical Persian: سده (sada)
    Dari: سده (sada)
    
    Iranian Persian: سده (sade)
    
    Tajik: сада (sada)
  - → Arabic: سدق (sadaq, “Sadeh festival”), سذق (saḏaq)
    - → Pashto: صده (sadá), سدۍ (sadə́y)
    - → Sindhi: صدي (sadī)
    - → Hindustani:
      - Hindi: सदी (sadī)
      - Urdu: صدی (sadī)
        → Pashto: صدي (sadí)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śatám
- Sanskrit: शत (śatá) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *catám
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀 (sata)
    - → English: satem (learned) (from the masculine accusative singular 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨 (satəm))
- Northeastern Iranian:
  - Proto-Scythian:
    - Ossetian: сӕдӕ (sædæ)
    - Proto-Saka-Wakhi:
      - Khotanese: [script needed] (sata)
      - Wakhi: (/⁠sad⁠/)
        Arabic script: سد
        
        Cyrillic script: сад (sad)
  - Sogdo-Bactrian:
    - Bactrian: σαδο (sado)
    - Khwarezmian: سید (sy̌d /⁠*səd⁠/)
    - Sogdian: (/⁠sat(u)⁠/)
      Sogdian script: [script needed] (st), [script needed] (100)
      
      Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫤 (st), 𐫯 (100)
      
      Syriac script: ܣܬܘ (stw)
- Southeastern Iranian:
  - Ormuri-Parachi:
    - Ormuri: سو (/⁠sū⁠/)
    - Parachi: سو (/⁠sȫ⁠/)
  - Pashto: سل (sël)
  - Sanglechi: ساذ (sāδ)
  - Yidgha: شور (šōr)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Baluchi: سد (/⁠sad⁠/)
  - Kurdish:
    Central Kurdish: سەد (sed /⁠sad⁠/), صه‌د (ṣed /⁠sˤad⁠/) (the form of صه‌د (ṣed) is common for some Sorani dialects)
    
    Laki: سەد (sed /⁠sad⁠/)
    
    Northern Kurdish: sed (/⁠sad⁠/), sid (/⁠sid⁠/)
    
    Southern Kurdish: سەد (sed /⁠sad⁠/)
  - Proto-Medo-Parthian: *sata-
    - Caspian:
      - Gilaki: سد (/⁠sad, səd⁠/)
      - Old Mazanderani: صد (ṣd /⁠sad⁠/)
        Mazanderani: صد (ṣd /⁠sad⁠/), سد (/⁠sad⁠/)
    - Parthian: (/⁠sad⁠/)
      Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭞 (100)
      
      Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫅 (sd), 𐫯 (100)
    - Zaza-Gurani
      - Gurani: سەڎ (seð̞ /⁠sað̞⁠/)
      - Zazaki: se (/⁠sa⁠/)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Old Persian: *θatam (see there for further descendants)
- → Crimean Gothic: sada
→? Proto-Slavic: *sъto (see there for further descendants)
→ Proto-Uralic: *śëta (see there for further descendants)