Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wers-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*wers-^[1]^[2]

to wipe
to drag (on the ground), sweep ~ thresh

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wers- (wipe) (10 c, 0 e)

*wers-é-ti (simple thematic present)
- Proto-Germanic: *werzaną (perhaps “to thresh” > “to mix up”) (see there for further descendants)
*wr̥s-é-ti ~ *wr̥s-ó-nti (tudati-type thematic present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *vьrťi (“to thresh”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *wors-e/o-
  - Latin: vorrō, verrō (“to sweep clean”) (see there for further descendants)
*wr̥s-tís
- Proto-Germanic: *wurstiz
  - >? Proto-West Germanic: *wursti (“sausage”) (or from *wert- (“to turn”)) (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *varsa
  - ⇒ Albanian: zvarrë (“being dragged on the ground”, adverb), varrë, xvarrë
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: vârsms (“heap of corn, grain”)
- Proto-Germanic:
  - Old Norse: vǫrr (“stroke, pull of an oar”)
- >? Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἐρύω (erúō, “to drag, pull”)
- >? Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἔρρω (érrhō, “to go slowly, limp”)

Root

*wers-^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

to rise; to raise, lift^[6]
to protrude; to be high (?)
peak, height, top
? excrescence of the skin

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wers- (rise) (14 c, 0 e)

*wérs-t ~ *wr̥s-ént (root aorist)^[6]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: आ वृषस्व (ā́ vṛṣásva, “pull yourself together!”)
*wr̥s-yé-ti ~ *wr̥s-yó-nti (thematic present with suffix -yé/ó-)^[6]
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Hittite: 𒉿𒅈𒅆𒅀𒊍𒍣 (wa-ar-ši-ya-az-zi /⁠waršiye/azi⁠/, “to lift oneself”)
    - ⇒ [script needed] ([wa-a]r-ši-ya-za), 𒉿𒅈𒅆𒅀𒋻 (wa-ar-ši-ya-tar /⁠warsiyatar⁠/, “reconciliation”)^[7]
*wérs-mn̥
- Proto-Hellenic: *wérhmə
  - >? Ancient Greek: ἕρμα (hérma, “heap of stones; reef, rock, cliff, hill; foundation”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wáršma
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wáršma
    - Sanskrit: वर्ष्मन् (várṣman, “height, top”)
*wers-ó-s
- Proto-Celtic: *wersos (“high(er)”)
  - Old Irish: ferr (“better”) (see there for further descendants)
*we/ors-u-
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: verrūca (“wart; hillock”) (see there for further descendants)
*wors-ó-s
- >? Proto-Germanic: *warzaz (“callus”) (see there for further descendants)
*wérs-to
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Hittite: [Term?] (/⁠warštta(ri)⁠/)
*wr̥s-éh₂
- Proto-Celtic: *warsā (see there for further descendants)
*wr̥s-u-
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wíršus (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *warš- (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *u̯ers-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 690-691
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ve/orrō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 666
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2. *u̯ers-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 691
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “verrūca”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 666
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*warza-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 575
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “u̯arš-^tta(ri), u̯aršii̯e/a-^zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 969–971
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “u̯aršii̯att-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 969–971

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *u̯ers-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 690-691

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ve/orrō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 666

[3] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2. *u̯ers-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 691

[4] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “verrūca”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 666

[5] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*warza-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 575

[EDHIL-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “u̯arš-^tta(ri), u̯aršii̯e/a-^zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 969–971

[7] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “u̯aršii̯att-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 969–971

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Proto-Indo-European

Root

Derived terms

Root

Derived terms

Descendants

See also

References