ἔρρω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ϝέρρω (wérrhō)

Etymology

Related to ἐρύω (erúō, “drag”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wers- (“to drag on the ground”). Compare Hittite [Term?] (/⁠warš-⁠/, “pluck, reap”), Albanian zvarrë (“drag on the ground”), Latin verro (“to drag, to sweep”), Old Norse vǫrr (“stroke”), Latvian vârsms (“heap of corn, grain”).

Beekes instead supports a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”) via an extension *wert-ye-.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ér̥.r̥ɔː/ → /ˈer.ro/ → /ˈe.ro/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ér̥.r̥ɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈer.ro/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈer.ro/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈer.ro/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ro/

Verb

ἔρρω • (érrhō)

1. to go slowly, to limp
2. to wander
3. to go or come to harm, to disappear

   (vulgar, usually imperative) Go to hell, perish, begone.

Inflection

   Present: ἔρρω

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔρρω	ἔρρεις	ἔρρει	ἔρρετον	ἔρρετον	ἔρρομεν	ἔρρετε	ἔρρουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἔρρω	ἔρρῃς	ἔρρῃ	ἔρρητον	ἔρρητον	ἔρρωμεν	ἔρρητε	ἔρρωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἔρροιμῐ	ἔρροις	ἔρροι	ἔρροιτον	ἐρροίτην	ἔρροιμεν	ἔρροιτε	ἔρροιεν
	imperative		ἔρρε	ἐρρέτω	ἔρρετον	ἐρρέτων		ἔρρετε	ἐρρόντων
		active
infinitive		ἔρρειν
participle	m	ἔρρων
	f	ἔρρουσᾰ
	n	ἔρρον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἦρρον

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἦρρον	ἦρρες	ἦρρε(ν)	ἤρρετον	ἠρρέτην	ἤρρομεν	ἤρρετε	ἦρρον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἐρρήσω

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐρρήσω	ἐρρήσεις	ἐρρήσει	ἐρρήσετον	ἐρρήσετον	ἐρρήσομεν	ἐρρήσετε	ἐρρήσουσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρρήσοιμῐ	ἐρρήσοις	ἐρρήσοι	ἐρρήσοιτον	ἐρρησοίτην	ἐρρήσοιμεν	ἐρρήσοιτε	ἐρρήσοιεν
		active
infinitive		ἐρρήσειν
participle	m	ἐρρήσων
	f	ἐρρήσουσᾰ
	n	ἐρρῆσον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἤρρησᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤρρησᾰ	ἤρρησᾰς	ἤρρησε(ν)	ἠρρήσᾰτον	ἠρρησᾰ́την	ἠρρήσᾰμεν	ἠρρήσᾰτε	ἤρρησᾰν
	subjunctive	ἐρρήσω	ἐρρήσῃς	ἐρρήσῃ	ἐρρήσητον	ἐρρήσητον	ἐρρήσωμεν	ἐρρήσητε	ἐρρήσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρρήσαιμῐ	ἐρρήσειᾰς, ἐρρήσαις	ἐρρήσειε(ν), ἐρρήσαι	ἐρρήσαιτον	ἐρρησαίτην	ἐρρήσαιμεν	ἐρρήσαιτε	ἐρρήσειᾰν, ἐρρήσαιεν
	imperative		ἔρρησον	ἐρρησᾰ́τω	ἐρρήσᾰτον	ἐρρησᾰ́των		ἐρρήσᾰτε	ἐρρησᾰ́ντων
		active
infinitive		ἐρρῆσαι
participle	m	ἐρρήσᾱς
	f	ἐρρήσᾱσᾰ
	n	ἐρρῆσᾰν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ἤρρηκᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤρρηκᾰ	ἤρρηκᾰς	ἤρρηκε(ν)	ἠρρήκᾰτον	ἠρρήκᾰτον	ἠρρήκᾰμεν	ἠρρήκᾰτε	ἠρρήκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἠρρήκω	ἠρρήκῃς	ἠρρήκῃ	ἠρρήκητον	ἠρρήκητον	ἠρρήκωμεν	ἠρρήκητε	ἠρρήκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἠρρήκοιμῐ, ἠρρηκοίην	ἠρρήκοις, ἠρρηκοίης	ἠρρήκοι, ἠρρηκοίη	ἠρρήκοιτον	ἠρρηκοίτην	ἠρρήκοιμεν	ἠρρήκοιτε	ἠρρήκοιεν
	imperative		ἤρρηκε	ἠρρηκέτω	ἠρρήκετον	ἠρρηκέτων		ἠρρήκετε	ἠρρηκόντων
		active
infinitive		ἠρρηκέναι
participle	m	ἠρρηκώς
	f	ἠρρηκυῖᾰ
	n	ἠρρηκός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

• ἀνέρρω (anérrhō)
• ἀπέρρω (apérrhō)
• εἰσέρρω (eisérrhō)
• ἐξέρρω (exérrhō)
• περιέρρω (periérrhō)

 

References

• “ἔρρω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἔρρω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἔρρω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἔρρω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἔρρω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN