Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/negʷ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*negʷ-^[1]

bare, naked

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *negʷ- (10 c, 0 e)

*nogʷ-ó-s^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nōˀgás (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nāgás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nāgás
    - Sanskrit: नाग (nāgá, “elephant”, literally “the hairless one”)^[7]
- ⇒ *nogʷ-éh₂-ye-ti
  - Proto-Germanic: *nakwōną (see there for further descendants)
*nogʷ-edʰ-o-s^[4]^[5]^[7]
- Proto-Italic: *nogʷedos (see there for further descendants)
*nogʷ-ónt-^[4]
- Proto-Germanic: *nakwadaz^[4] (see there for further descendants)
*nogʷ-nó-s^[1]^[7]^[4]^[5]
- ⇒? Proto-Armenian: *tukno-^[8]
  - Armenian: տկլոր (tklor) (highly hypothetical)^[8]
- >? Proto-Germanic: *nakʷnaz
  - ⇒ Old Norse: nakinn^[9]
- Proto-Hellenic: *gʷomnós (< *gonʷ-nó-s^[4]^[5])
  - Ancient Greek: γυμνός (gumnós)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nagnás^[9] (see there for further descendants)
*negʷ-m-ont-^[4]
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Hittite: 𒉈𒆪𒈠𒀭𒍝 (ne-ku-ma-an-za)
*nogʷ-tó-s^[1]^[4]^[5]^[10]
- Proto-Celtic: *noxtos (“naked”) (see there for further descendants)
(possibly) *nókʷt-s (“night”) (< *nógʷt-s, see there for further descendants)
(possibly) *negʷ-ro-s^[8]^[5]
- Pre-Armenian: *megʷ-ro-s
  - Old Armenian: մերկ (merk)
(perhaps) negʷ-no-s^[8]
- Old Armenian: լերկ (lerk)^[8]

Notes

Perhaps because of its expressive meaning, the word was subject to a good deal of morphological (and occasionally phonological) reshaping.^[7]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 513–515
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 769
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 339
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 ^4.6 ^4.7 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*nakwe/ada-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 382
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “nūdus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 417-418
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “nāga-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 33
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 45
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 463–465
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “nagna-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[3] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 6
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 294

[NIL-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 513–515

[IEW-2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 769

[3] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 339

[Kroonen-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 ^4.6 ^4.7 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*nakwe/ada-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 382

[De_Vaan-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “nūdus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 417-418

[6] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “nāga-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 33

[EIEC-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 45

[Martirosyan-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 463–465

[EWAia2-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “nagna-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[3] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 6

[Matasovic-10] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 294

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