Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/krows-

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*krews-^[1]^[2]^[3]

Etymology

Possibly an extended form of *krew(H)- as found in Proto-Germanic *hrewwaną (“to be/make sad, regret, rue”) and Proto-Tocharian *krun- (“to strike, hit”).^[4] Ancient Greek κρούω (kroúō) may reflect either root.

Root

*krows-

to push, bump, strike, break

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krows- (1 c, 0 e)

*krows-éye-ti (causative)^[1]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kraušī́ˀtei (“to strike, smash, crush”, literally “to cause to collapse?”) (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒? Proto-Hellenic: *króuhō (o-grade root back-formed from the causative,^[1]^[5] or perhaps from *króws-e (3rd conjugation o-grade present))
  - >? Ancient Greek: κρούω (kroúō, “to strike, stamp, knock”)^[5]
*krus-eh₂
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *krušā́ˀ^[3] (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- >? Proto-Germanic: *hreusaną (“to fall, collapse; to shudder?”)^[6] (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*kreu̯s-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 371
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kärn-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 173-174
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*krъxà; *krъxъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 253
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kärn-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 173-174
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κρούω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 785–786: “IE *krou(s)-”
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xreusanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 186

[LIV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*kreu̯s-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 371

[2] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kärn-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 173-174

[Derksen-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*krъxà; *krъxъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 253

[4] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kärn-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 173-174

[Beekes-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κρούω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 785–786: “IE *krou(s)-”

[6] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xreusanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 186

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