Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/krows-

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A user suggests that this Proto-Indo-European reconstruction entry be moved, merged or split, giving the reason: “merge into Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/krews-; the o-grade is the normal ablaut for the Balto-Slavic causative, and the e-grade is found throughout Germanic.”.
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Alternative reconstructions

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Etymology

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Possibly an extended form of *krew(H)- as found in Proto-Germanic *hrewwaną (“to be/make sad, regret, rue”) and Proto-Tocharian *krun- (“to strike, hit”).[4] Ancient Greek κρούω (kroúō) may reflect either root.

Root

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*krows-

  1. to push, bump, strike, break

Derived terms

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Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krows- (1 c, 0 e)
  • *krows-éye-ti (causative)[1]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kraušī́ˀtei (“to strike, smash, crush”, literally “to cause to collapse?”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒? Proto-Hellenic: *króuhō (o-grade root back-formed from the causative,[1][5] or perhaps from static *(ke-)króws-e)
      • >? Ancient Greek: κρούω (kroúō, “to strike, stamp, knock”)[5]
  • *krus-eh₂
  • Unsorted formations:
    • >? Proto-Germanic: *hreusaną (“to fall, collapse; to shudder?”)[6] (see there for further descendants)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*kreu̯s-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 371
  2. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kärn-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 173-174
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*krъxà; *krъxъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 253
  4. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kärn-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 173-174
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κρούω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 785–786: “IE *krou(s)-”
  6. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xreusanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 186
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