Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁rudʰrós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”) +‎ *-rós (Caland system suffix).

Adjective

*h₁rudʰrós (non-ablauting)

1. red

Declension

Thematic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*h₁rudʰrós	*h₁rudʰréh₂
genitive	*h₁rudʰrósyo	*h₁rudʰréh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₁rudʰrós	*h₁rudʰróh₁	*h₁rudʰróes
vocative	*h₁rudʰré	*h₁rudʰróh₁	*h₁rudʰróes
accusative	*h₁rudʰróm	*h₁rudʰróh₁	*h₁rudʰróms
genitive	*h₁rudʰrósyo	*?	*h₁rudʰróHom
ablative	*h₁rudʰréad	*?	*h₁rudʰrómos, *h₁rudʰróbʰos
dative	*h₁rudʰróey	*?	*h₁rudʰrómos, *h₁rudʰróbʰos
locative	*h₁rudʰréy, *h₁rudʰróy	*?	*h₁rudʰróysu
instrumental	*h₁rudʰróh₁	*?	*h₁rudʰrṓys
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₁rudʰréh₂	*h₁rudʰréh₂h₁(e)	*h₁rudʰréh₂es
vocative	*h₁rudʰréh₂	*h₁rudʰréh₂h₁(e)	*h₁rudʰréh₂es
accusative	*h₁rudʰrā́m	*h₁rudʰréh₂h₁(e)	*h₁rudʰréh₂m̥s
genitive	*h₁rudʰréh₂s	*?	*h₁rudʰréh₂oHom
ablative	*h₁rudʰréh₂s	*?	*h₁rudʰréh₂mos, *h₁rudʰréh₂bʰos
dative	*h₁rudʰréh₂ey	*?	*h₁rudʰréh₂mos, *h₁rudʰréh₂bʰos
locative	*h₁rudʰréh₂, *h₁rudʰréh₂i	*?	*h₁rudʰréh₂su
instrumental	*h₁rudʰréh₂h₁	*?	*h₁rudʰréh₂mis, *h₁rudʰréh₂bʰis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₁rudʰróm	*h₁rudʰróy(h₁)	*h₁rudʰréh₂
vocative	*h₁rudʰróm	*h₁rudʰróy(h₁)	*h₁rudʰréh₂
accusative	*h₁rudʰróm	*h₁rudʰróy(h₁)	*h₁rudʰréh₂
genitive	*h₁rudʰrósyo	*?	*h₁rudʰróHom
ablative	*h₁rudʰréad	*?	*h₁rudʰrómos, *h₁rudʰróbʰos
dative	*h₁rudʰróey	*?	*h₁rudʰrómos, *h₁rudʰróbʰos
locative	*h₁rudʰréy, *h₁rudʰróy	*?	*h₁rudʰróysu
instrumental	*h₁rudʰróh₁	*?	*h₁rudʰrṓys

Descendants

• Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: արոյդ (aroyd), երոյդ (eroyd), արուրդ (arurd), երուրդ (erurd)
• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *rudras
  • Proto-Slavic: *rъdrъ
• Proto-Germanic: *rudraz
  • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *rudrijaną
  • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *rudrǭ
• Proto-Hellenic: *erutʰrós (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hrudʰrás
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hrudʰrás
    • Sanskrit: रुधिर (rudhirá) (analogically reshaped after रुधिक्रा (rudhikrā́)) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Italic: *ruðros (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Tocharian: *rŭtäre (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἐρυθρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 465-466
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ruber, -bra, -brum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 527-528