Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰr̥néwti
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From *gʷʰer- (“to heat”) + *-néwti.
Verb
[edit]*gʷʰr̥néwti (imperfective) [1][2]
- to be heating
Inflection
[edit]| Imperfective, athematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *gʷʰr̥néwti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *gʷʰr̥nwénti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *gʷʰr̥néwmi | *gʷʰr̥nḗm | — | *gʷʰr̥néwoh₂ | *gʷʰr̥nuyéh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *gʷʰr̥néwsi | *gʷʰr̥néws | *gʷʰr̥néw, *gʷʰr̥nudʰí | *gʷʰr̥néwesi | *gʷʰr̥nuyéh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *gʷʰr̥néwti | *gʷʰr̥néwt | *gʷʰr̥néwtu | *gʷʰr̥néweti | *gʷʰr̥nuyéh₁t |
| 1st dual | *gʷʰr̥nuwós | *gʷʰr̥nuwé | — | *gʷʰr̥néwowos | *gʷʰr̥nwih₁wé |
| 2nd dual | *gʷʰr̥nutés | *gʷʰr̥nutóm | *gʷʰr̥nutóm | *gʷʰr̥néwetes | *gʷʰr̥nwih₁tóm |
| 3rd dual | *gʷʰr̥nutés | *gʷʰr̥nutā́m | *gʷʰr̥nutā́m | *gʷʰr̥néwetes | *gʷʰr̥nwih₁tā́m |
| 1st plural | *gʷʰr̥numós | *gʷʰr̥numé | — | *gʷʰr̥néwomos | *gʷʰr̥nwih₁mé |
| 2nd plural | *gʷʰr̥nuté | *gʷʰr̥nuté | *gʷʰr̥nuté | *gʷʰr̥néwete | *gʷʰr̥nwih₁té |
| 3rd plural | *gʷʰr̥nwénti | *gʷʰr̥nwént | *gʷʰr̥nwéntu | *gʷʰr̥néwonti | *gʷʰr̥nwih₁ént |
| Participle | *gʷʰr̥nwónts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *gʷʰr̥nuh₂ér | *gʷʰr̥nuh₂é | — | *gʷʰr̥néwoh₂er | *gʷʰr̥nwih₁h₂é |
| 2nd singular | *gʷʰr̥nuth₂ér | *gʷʰr̥nuth₂é | *gʷʰr̥nusó | *gʷʰr̥néweth₂er | *gʷʰr̥nwih₁th₂é |
| 3rd singular | *gʷʰr̥nutór, *gʷʰr̥nwór | *gʷʰr̥nutó, *gʷʰr̥nwó | *? | *gʷʰr̥néwetor | *gʷʰr̥nwih₁tó, *gʷʰr̥nwih₁ó |
| 1st dual | *gʷʰr̥nuwósdʰh₂ | *gʷʰr̥nuwédʰh₂ | — | *gʷʰr̥néwowosdʰh₂ | *gʷʰr̥nwih₁wédʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *gʷʰr̥numósdʰh₂ | *gʷʰr̥numédʰh₂ | — | *gʷʰr̥néwomosdʰh₂ | *gʷʰr̥nwih₁médʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *gʷʰr̥nudʰh₂wé | *gʷʰr̥nudʰh₂wé | *gʷʰr̥nudʰh₂wé | *gʷʰr̥néwedʰh₂we | *gʷʰr̥nwih₁dʰh₂wé |
| 3rd plural | *gʷʰr̥nwn̥tór, *gʷʰr̥nurór | *gʷʰr̥nwn̥tó, *gʷʰr̥nuró | *? | *gʷʰr̥néwontor | *gʷʰr̥nwih₁ró |
| Participle | *gʷʰr̥nwm̥h₁nós | ||||
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Armenian:
- >? Proto-Germanic: *brinnaną (perhaps via *gʷʰrn̥w- > *brunw- followed by reanalysis of the ablaut) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥náwti
References
[edit]- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 219-220
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “θέρομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 542-543
- ^ Monier Williams (1899) “Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰr̥néwti”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 379, column 1.