Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-st

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Suffix

*(ḗ)-st

1. Forms perfective verbs from roots.

Inflection

Perfective, athematic
3rd singular	*(ḗ)-st
3rd plural	*(é)-sn̥t
Active voice	Indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*(ḗ)-sm̥	—	*(ḗ)-soh₂	*(é)-syeh₁m̥
2nd singular	*(ḗ)-s	*(ḗ)-s, *(é)-sdʰi	*(ḗ)-sesi	*(é)-syeh₁s
3rd singular	*(ḗ)-st	*(ḗ)-stu	*(ḗ)-seti	*(é)-syeh₁t
1st dual	*(é)-swe	—	*(ḗ)-sowos	*(é)-sih₁we
2nd dual	*(é)-stom	*(é)-stom	*(ḗ)-setes	*(é)-sih₁tom
3rd dual	*(é)-stām	*(é)-stām	*(ḗ)-setes	*(é)-sih₁tām
1st plural	*(é)-sme	—	*(ḗ)-somos	*(é)-sih₁me
2nd plural	*(é)-ste	*(é)-ste	*(ḗ)-sete	*(é)-sih₁te
3rd plural	*(é)-sn̥t	*(é)-sn̥tu	*(ḗ)-sonti	*(é)-sih₁n̥t
Participle	*(é)-sn̥ts
Middle voice	Indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*(é)-sh₂e	—	*(ḗ)-soh₂er	*(é)-sih₁h₂e
2nd singular	*(é)-sth₂e	*(é)-so	*(ḗ)-seth₂er	*(é)-sih₁th₂e
3rd singular	*(é)-sto, *(é)-so	*?	*(ḗ)-setor	*(é)-sih₁to, *(é)-sih₁o
1st dual	*(é)-swedʰh₂	—	*(ḗ)-sowosdʰh₂	*(é)-sih₁wedʰh₂
2nd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?
3rd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?
1st plural	*(é)-smedʰh₂	—	*(ḗ)-somosdʰh₂	*(é)-sih₁medʰh₂
2nd plural	*(é)-sdʰh₂we	*(é)-sdʰh₂we	*(ḗ)-sedʰh₂we	*(é)-sih₁dʰh₂we
3rd plural	*(é)-sn̥to, *(é)-sro	*?	*(ḗ)-sontor	*(é)-sih₁ro
Participle	*(é)-sm̥h₁nos

Derived terms

Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-st

Descendants

• Hellenic:
  • Ancient Greek: -σα (-sa)
• Proto-Italic: *-sai
  • Latin: -sī