Reconstruction:Proto-Hurro-Urartian/kinnar

This Proto-Hurro-Urartian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hurro-Urartian

Etymology

Unknown; possibly borrowed from Proto-Semitic *kinnār- (“lyre”), if not the reverse,^[1] which is however surely of foreign origin since non-identical homorganic second and third root consonants are disallowed for a Semitic word.^[2]^[3]

Noun

*kinnar

lyre, harp

Descendants

Hurrian: *kinnar
- ⇒ Hurrian: 𒇽𒆠𒅔𒈾𒊒𒄷𒇷 (^LÚki-in-na-ru-ḫu-li /⁠kinnaruḫuli⁠/, “musician”)
→ Proto-Anatolian: *kinar
- Hittite: *kinar^[4]
  - ⇒ Hittite: 𒇽𒆠𒉪𒊑𒆷𒀸 (^LÚki-nir-tal-la-aš /⁠kinirtallaš⁠/, “lyre-player”), 𒇽𒆠𒈜𒊑𒆷𒀸 (^LÚki-nar-tal-la-aš /⁠kinartallaš⁠/)
- Luwian: *zinar
  - → Hattic: 𒄑𒀭𒈹 (^{giš dingir}MÙŠ /⁠zinar⁠/, “lyre”)
  - → Sumerian: 𒍝𒈾𒊒 (za-na-ru), 𒄑𒀭𒈹 (^{giš dingir}MÙŠ /⁠zanaru⁠/), 𒈹 (zanaru /⁠zanaru⁠/, literally “Inanna, goddess of courtesans and by association the harp”)
    - → Akkadian: 𒍝𒈾𒊒 (za-na-ru), 𒄑...𒊏 (^gišÙZ×BALAG-ra /⁠zanaru, zanāru⁠/)^{[n 1]}
  - →? Old Armenian: ջնար (ǰnar)^[5]
→ Proto-Semitic: *kinnār- (see there for further descendants)

Notes

^ ÙZ×BALAG, a combination of the signs 𒍚 (ÙZ) and 𒁆 (BALAG), is an exceedingly rare ligature and not currently available in Unicode.

References

^ Noonan, Benjamin J. (2019) Non-Semitic Loanwords in the Hebrew Bible: A Lexicon of Language Contact (Linguistic Studies in Ancient West Semitic; 14), University Park, Pennsylvania: Eisenbrauns, →ISBN, page 126
^ Greenberg, Joseph Harold (1950) “The Patterning of Root Morphemes in Semitic”, in Word‎^[1], volume 6, number 2, →DOI, page 162, point 2
^ Vernet i Pons, Eulàlia (2011 March 1) “Semitic Root Incompatibilities and Historical Linguistics”, in Journal of Semitic Studies, volume 56, number 1, →DOI, page 4
^ Harry A., Hoffner Jr., Melchert, H. Craig (2008) A Grammar of the Hittite Language‎^[2], volume Part 1: Reference Grammar, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, page 57
^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2019) “Armenian musical instruments: three etymologies”, in Tatevik Shakhkulyan, editor, Komitas Museum-Institute Yearbook, vol. IV‎^[3], Yerevan: Komitas Museum-Institute, pages 187–189, deriving the Hattic and Armenian from "Mediterranean–Pontic" substrate *gʰindʰara-, a prenasalized form of *gʰidʰara-, whence κιθάρα (kithára)

[5] ÙZ×BALAG, a combination of the signs 𒍚 (ÙZ) and 𒁆 (BALAG), is an exceedingly rare ligature and not currently available in Unicode.

[1] Noonan, Benjamin J. (2019) Non-Semitic Loanwords in the Hebrew Bible: A Lexicon of Language Contact (Linguistic Studies in Ancient West Semitic; 14), University Park, Pennsylvania: Eisenbrauns, →ISBN, page 126

[2] Greenberg, Joseph Harold (1950) “The Patterning of Root Morphemes in Semitic”, in Word‎^[1], volume 6, number 2, →DOI, page 162, point 2

[3] Vernet i Pons, Eulàlia (2011 March 1) “Semitic Root Incompatibilities and Historical Linguistics”, in Journal of Semitic Studies, volume 56, number 1, →DOI, page 4

[4] Harry A., Hoffner Jr., Melchert, H. Craig (2008) A Grammar of the Hittite Language‎^[2], volume Part 1: Reference Grammar, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, page 57

[6] Martirosyan, Hrach (2019) “Armenian musical instruments: three etymologies”, in Tatevik Shakhkulyan, editor, Komitas Museum-Institute Yearbook, vol. IV‎^[3], Yerevan: Komitas Museum-Institute, pages 187–189, deriving the Hattic and Armenian from "Mediterranean–Pontic" substrate *gʰindʰara-, a prenasalized form of *gʰidʰara-, whence κιθάρα (kithára)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[n 1]

[5]