Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/warkiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *werg- (“to suffer”); likely cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *wargás (“foe, enemy”), Lithuanian var̃gti (“to live in poverty, suffer hardship”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /wɑr.kiz/

Noun

*warkiz m

1. pain

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *warkiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*warkiz	*warkīz
vocative	*warki	*warkīz
accusative	*warkį	*warkinz
genitive	*warkīz	*warkijǫ̂
dative	*warkī	*warkimaz
instrumental	*warkī	*warkimiz

Derived terms

• *warkijaną

Related terms

• *werką

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *warki
  • Old English: wærc, werc, weorc, wræc, wærċ
    • Middle English: werk, warch
      • Scots: wark, wrak
      • English: wark
  • Old Saxon: werk n (“pain”) (conflated with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *werk)
• Old Norse: verkr
  • Icelandic: verkur
  • Faroese: verkur
  • Norwegian: verk
  • Old Swedish: værker
    • Swedish: värk
  • Danish: værk