Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/unnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃n̥-né-h₂-ti, from the root *h₃neh₂- (“to enjoy”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀνίνημι (onínēmi, “to be of use, help”), ἀπόνητο (apónēto, “to have joy of something”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈun.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*unnaną

1. to grant, bestow

Inflection

Conjugation of *unnaną (preterite-present)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*ann	*unnį̄	—	—	—
2nd singular	*annt	*unnīz	—	—	—
3rd singular	*ann	*unnī	—	—	—
1st dual	*unnū	*unnīw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*unnudiz	*unnīdiz	—	—	—
1st plural	*unnum	*unnīm	—	—	—
2nd plural	*unnud	*unnīd	—	—	—
3rd plural	*unnun	*unnīn	—	—	—
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*unþǭ	*unþēdį̄
2nd singular	*unþēz	*unþēdīz
3rd singular	*unþē	*unþēdī
1st dual	*unþēdū	*unþēdīw
2nd dual	*unþēdudiz	*unþēdīdiz
1st plural	*unþēdum	*unþēdīm
2nd plural	*unþēdud	*unþēdīd
3rd plural	*unþēdun	*unþēdīn
	present	past
participles	*unnandz	*unþaz

Related terms

• *anstiz
• *unþō (“bestowal, grant, concession”)
• *idiunþō (“renewal, reyielding; Iðunn goddess of youth”)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *unnan
  • Old English: unnan
    • Middle English: unnen, one, unne, unnon
  • Old Frisian: unna
  • Old Saxon: unnan
  • Old Dutch: ᚨᚾᚾ (ann, 1st/3rd person singular)
    • Middle Dutch: onnen, unnen
  • Old High German: unnan
• Old Norse: unna
  • Icelandic: unna
  • Faroese: unna
  • Norwegian:
    • Bokmål: unne
    • Nynorsk: unna, unne
  • Old Swedish: unna
    • Swedish: unna
      • → Elfdalian: unna
  • Old Danish: unnæ
    • Danish: unde
  • Scanian: onða