Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swindaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Probably related to Proto-Germanic *swīnaną, *dwīnaną, *þwīnaną (“to dwindle”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to dwindle”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈswin.dɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*swindaną

(West Germanic) To dwindle

Inflection

Conjugation of *swindaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*swindō	*swindaų	—	*swindai	?
2nd singular	*swindizi	*swindaiz	*swind	*swindazai	*swindaizau
3rd singular	*swindidi	*swindai	*swindadau	*swindadai	*swindaidau
1st dual	*swindōz	*swindaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*swindadiz	*swindaidiz	*swindadiz	—	—
1st plural	*swindamaz	*swindaim	—	*swindandai	*swindaindau
2nd plural	*swindid	*swindaid	*swindid	*swindandai	*swindaindau
3rd plural	*swindandi	*swindain	*swindandau	*swindandai	*swindaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swand	*swundį̄
2nd singular	*swanst	*swundīz
3rd singular	*swand	*swundī
1st dual	*swundū	*swundīw
2nd dual	*swundudiz	*swundīdiz
1st plural	*swundum	*swundīm
2nd plural	*swundud	*swundīd
3rd plural	*swundun	*swundīn

	present	past
participles	*swindandz	*swundanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *swindan
- Old English: swindan
  - Middle English: swinden, swynden
- Old Frisian: *swinda
  - Saterland Frisian: swiende
  - West Frisian: swine
- Old Saxon: swindan
  - Middle Low German: swinden
    - German Low German: swinnen
    - → Norwegian Bokmål: svinne
    - → Norwegian Nynorsk: svinne, svinna
    - → Old Swedish: svinda, svinna
      - Swedish: svinna
    - → Danish: svinde
- Old Dutch: *swindan
  - Middle Dutch: swinden
    - Dutch: zwinden
- Old High German: swintan
  - Middle High German: swinden
    - German: schwinden