Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dwīnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

According to Orel, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwey- (“to slip away; dwindle; die”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“to die; pass away”).^[1] Given that Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰ generally becomes Proto-Germanic *w word-internally, according to Kroonen, this would rather be from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to decline, perish”).^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdwiː.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*dwīnaną^[2]^[1]

to dwindle, to disappear

Inflection

Conjugation of *dwīnaną (strong class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*dwīnō	*dwīnaų	—	*dwīnai	?
2nd singular	*dwīnizi	*dwīnaiz	*dwīn	*dwīnazai	*dwīnaizau
3rd singular	*dwīnidi	*dwīnai	*dwīnadau	*dwīnadai	*dwīnaidau
1st dual	*dwīnōz	*dwīnaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*dwīnadiz	*dwīnaidiz	*dwīnadiz	—	—
1st plural	*dwīnamaz	*dwīnaim	—	*dwīnandai	*dwīnaindau
2nd plural	*dwīnid	*dwīnaid	*dwīnid	*dwīnandai	*dwīnaindau
3rd plural	*dwīnandi	*dwīnain	*dwīnandau	*dwīnandai	*dwīnaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*dwain	*dwinį̄
2nd singular	*dwaint	*dwinīz
3rd singular	*dwain	*dwinī
1st dual	*dwinū	*dwinīw
2nd dual	*dwinudiz	*dwinīdiz
1st plural	*dwinum	*dwinīm
2nd plural	*dwinud	*dwinīd
3rd plural	*dwinun	*dwinīn

	present	past
participles	*dwīnandz	*dwinanaz

Related terms

*dwaiskijaną (possibly)

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *dwīnan
- Old English: dwīnan
  - Middle English: dwinen
    - Scots: dwyne, dwine
    - English: dwine; dwindle
- Old Frisian: *dwīna
  - West Frisian: ferdwyne, ferdwine
- Old Saxon: *dwīnan
  - Middle Low German: dwînen
    - Low German: dwienen, verdwienen
- Old Dutch: *dwīnan
  - Middle Dutch: dwinen
    - ⇒ Middle Dutch: verdwinen
      - Dutch: verdwijnen
Old Norse: dvína
- Icelandic: dvína
- Faroese: dvína
- Swedish: dvina

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*dwīnanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 81
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*dwīnan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 112-113

[Orel-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*dwīnanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 81

[Kroonen-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*dwīnan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 112-113

[1]

[2]