Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swarduz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Of unknown origin. Often the only cognate compared is Latvian šērve (“pigskin, thick (and dirty) skin layer”) and a possible reconstruction Proto-Balto-Slavic *sverdvē, though the Latvian term itself could have been borrowed through Germanic from German Low German Schörwe.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈswɑr.duz/

Noun

*swarduz m

1. rind, tough skin
2. turf

Inflection

u-stemDeclension of *swarduz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*swarduz	*swardiwiz
vocative	*swardu	*swardiwiz
accusative	*swardų	*swardunz
genitive	*swardauz	*swardiwǫ̂
dative	*swardiwi	*swardumaz
instrumental	*swardū	*swardumiz

Descendants

• Old English: sweard
  • Middle English: sward
    • Scots: swaird
    • English: sward
• Old Dutch: *swarda
  • Middle Dutch: swaerde
    • Dutch: zwoerd
• Old High German: *swarta
  • Middle High German: swarte
    • German: Schwarte
• Old Norse: svǫrðr
  • Icelandic: svörður
  • Faroese: svørður
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: svord, svor
  • Norwegian Bokmål: svor
  • Swedish: svål
  • Danish: svær

References

• Risch, Ernest (1986): o-o-pe-ro-si: Festschrift fur Ernst Risch zum 75. Geburtstag / Edition 1