Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swaitijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *swait- (“sweat”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈswɑi.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*swaitijaną^[1]^[2]

to sweat

Inflection

Conjugation of *swaitijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*swaitijō	*swaitijaų	—	*swaitijai	?
2nd singular	*swaitīsi	*swaitijais	*swaitī	*swaitijasai	*swaitijaisau
3rd singular	*swaitīþi	*swaitijai	*swaitijaþau	*swaitijaþai	*swaitijaiþau
1st dual	*swaitijōs	*swaitijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*swaitijaþiz	*swaitijaiþiz	*swaitijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*swaitijamaz	*swaitijaim	—	*swaitijanþai	*swaitijainþau
2nd plural	*swaitīþ	*swaitijaiþ	*swaitīþ	*swaitijanþai	*swaitijainþau
3rd plural	*swaitijanþi	*swaitijain	*swaitijanþau	*swaitijanþai	*swaitijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swaitidǭ	*swaitidēdį̄
2nd singular	*swaitidēz	*swaitidēdīz
3rd singular	*swaitidē	*swaitidēdī
1st dual	*swaitidēdū	*swaitidēdīw
2nd dual	*swaitidēdudiz	*swaitidēdīdiz
1st plural	*swaitidēdum	*swaitidēdīm
2nd plural	*swaitidēdud	*swaitidēdīd
3rd plural	*swaitidēdun	*swaitidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*swaitijandz	*swaitidaz

Related terms

*switjaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *swaitijan
- Old English: swǣtan
  - Middle English: sweten, sweaten, swheten
    - English: sweat
    - Scots: sweet, swate, sweit, swite
- Old Saxon: *swētian
  - Middle Low German: swêten
- Old Dutch: *swēten
  - Middle Dutch: swêten
    - Dutch: zweten
- Old High German: sweizen
  - Middle High German: sweizen
    - German: schweißen
Old Norse: sveita (only attested as reflexive sveitask)
- Icelandic: sveita
- Faroese: sveitta
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Bokmål: svette
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: sveitta, sveitte
- Swedish: svettas
- Danish: svede

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*swaita-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 494: “*swaitjan-”
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*swaitjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 390

[Kroonen-1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*swaita-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 494: “*swaitjan-”

[Orel-2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*swaitjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 390

[1]

[2]