Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swait-

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *swoydo-, from Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to sweat”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈswɑi̯.tɑz/ (masculine a-stem)
• IPA^(key): /ˈswɑi̯.tɑ̃/ (neuter a-stem)
• IPA^(key): /ˈswɑi̯.tɔːː/ (masculine n-stem)

Noun

*swait- m or n

1. sweat; blood

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *swaitaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*swaitaz	*swaitōz, *swaitōs
vocative	*swait	*swaitōz, *swaitōs
accusative	*swaitą	*swaitanz
genitive	*swaitas, *swaitis	*swaitǫ̂
dative	*swaitai	*swaitamaz
instrumental	*swaitō	*swaitamiz

neuter a-stemDeclension of *swaitą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*swaitą	*swaitō
vocative	*swaitą	*swaitō
accusative	*swaitą	*swaitō
genitive	*swaitas, *swaitis	*swaitǫ̂
dative	*swaitai	*swaitamaz
instrumental	*swaitō	*swaitamiz

masculine an-stemDeclension of *swaitô (masculine an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*swaitô	*swaitaniz
vocative	*swaitô	*swaitaniz
accusative	*swaitanų	*swaitanunz
genitive	*swaitiniz	*swaitanǫ̂
dative	*swaitini	*swaitammaz
instrumental	*swaitinē	*swaitammiz

Derived terms

• *swaitaną
• *swaitijaną

Related terms

• *switjaną

Descendants

• Old English: swāt (< *swaitą)
  • Middle English: swate, swote, swot, swete, swet (< under influence from the verb)
    • Scots: swate, swait, swete, sweit
    • English: sweat
      • → Esperanto: ŝvito
    • English: swot
• Old Frisian: swēt (< *swaitaz)
  • North Frisian: swiet
  • Saterland Frisian: Sweet n
  • West Frisian: swit
• Old Saxon: swēt
  • Middle Low German: swēt
    • German Low German: Sweet
• Old Dutch: *swēt
  • Middle Dutch: swêet
    • Dutch: zweet
    • Limburgish: zweit
• Old High German: sweiz (< *swaitaz)
  • Middle High German: sweiz
    • German: Schweiß
    • Luxembourgish: Schweess
    • Vilamovian: śwaas
• Old Norse: sveiti (< *swaitô)
  • Icelandic: sveiti, sviti
  • Faroese: sveiti, sveitti
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: sveite, sveitte
  • Norwegian Bokmål: svette
  • Old Swedish: svēter, svetter; svēte
    • Swedish: svett
  • Danish: sved

References

• Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN