Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swīþaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *swey- (“to burn”), which could be an extension of *sew- (“to braise”). Compare Avestan 𐬒𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (x́vaēna, “red-hot, glowing”), from Proto-Indo-European *(H)swoy-no-.

Verb

*swīþaną

1. to burn, singe

Inflection

Conjugation of *swīþaną (strong class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swīþō	*swīþaų	—	*swīþai	?
2nd singular	*swīþizi	*swīþaiz	*swīþ	*swīþazai	*swīþaizau
3rd singular	*swīþidi	*swīþai	*swīþadau	*swīþadai	*swīþaidau
1st dual	*swīþōz	*swīþaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*swīþadiz	*swīþaidiz	*swīþadiz	—	—
1st plural	*swīþamaz	*swīþaim	—	*swīþandai	*swīþaindau
2nd plural	*swīþid	*swīþaid	*swīþid	*swīþandai	*swīþaindau
3rd plural	*swīþandi	*swīþain	*swīþandau	*swīþandai	*swīþaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swaiþ	*swidį̄
2nd singular	*swaist	*swidīz
3rd singular	*swaiþ	*swidī
1st dual	*swidū	*swidīw
2nd dual	*swidudiz	*swidīdiz
1st plural	*swidum	*swidīm
2nd plural	*swidud	*swidīd
3rd plural	*swidun	*swidīn
	present	past
participles	*swīþandz	*swidanaz

Related terms

• *seuþaną (possibly)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *swīþan
  • Old High German: swīdan
• Old Norse: svíða
  • Icelandic: svíða
  • Faroese: svíða
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: svida, svi
  • Elfdalian: swaiða
  • Old Swedish: svīþa
    • Swedish: svida
  • Danish: svide