Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sturnāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

*sturrāną^[1]

Etymology

Kroonen suggests that this verb could be nasal infix present to Proto-Indo-European *sterh₁- (“to be stiff”).^[2] The infix caused a consonant alternation in the root, the singular *str-néh₁-ti would result in a root with *sturr-. Whereas the plural *str-nh₁-énti would result in a root with *sturn-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈstur.nɑː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*sturnāną^[2]

to be stiff, be rigid
to stand out
to stare

Inflection

The paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *sturr- against *sturn-.

Conjugation of *sturnāną (weak class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*sturnō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*sturnaisi	?	*sturnai	*sturnāsai	?
3rd singular	*sturnaiþi	?	*sturnāþau	*sturnāþai	?
1st dual	*sturnōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*sturnāþiz	?	*sturnāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*sturnāmaz	?	—	*sturnānþai	?
2nd plural	*sturnaiþ	?	*sturnaiþ	*sturnānþai	?
3rd plural	*sturnānþi	?	*sturnānþau	*sturnānþai	?

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*sturnadǭ	*sturnadēdį̄
2nd singular	*sturnadēz	*sturnadēdīz
3rd singular	*sturnadē	*sturnadēdī
1st dual	*sturnadēdū	*sturnadēdīw
2nd dual	*sturnadēdudiz	*sturnadēdīdiz
1st plural	*sturnadēdum	*sturnadēdīm
2nd plural	*sturnadēdud	*sturnadēdīd
3rd plural	*sturnadēdun	*sturnadēdīn

	present	past
participles	*sturnāndz	*sturnadaz

Conjugation of *sturrāną (weak class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*sturrō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*sturraisi	?	*sturrai	*sturrāsai	?
3rd singular	*sturraiþi	?	*sturrāþau	*sturrāþai	?
1st dual	*sturrōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*sturrāþiz	?	*sturrāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*sturrāmaz	?	—	*sturrānþai	?
2nd plural	*sturraiþ	?	*sturraiþ	*sturrānþai	?
3rd plural	*sturrānþi	?	*sturrānþau	*sturrānþai	?

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*sturradǭ	*sturradēdį̄
2nd singular	*sturradēz	*sturradēdīz
3rd singular	*sturradē	*sturradēdī
1st dual	*sturradēdū	*sturradēdīw
2nd dual	*sturradēdudiz	*sturradēdīdiz
1st plural	*sturradēdum	*sturradēdīm
2nd plural	*sturradēdud	*sturradēdīd
3rd plural	*sturradēdun	*sturradēdīn

	present	past
participles	*sturrāndz	*sturradaz

Related terms

*staraz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *storrēn, *stornēn
- Old High German: storrēn, stornēn
  - Middle High German: storren
Gothic: *𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽 (*staurran)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽 (andstaurran)

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*sturrēnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 384
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*sturnēn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 488

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*sturrēnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 384

[Kroonen-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*sturnēn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 488

[1]

[2]