Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/strangijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *strangiz (“string”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈstrɑŋ.ɡi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*strangijaną^[1]^[2]

to fasten with a string, bind tight

Inflection

Conjugation of *strangijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*strangijō	*strangijaų	—	*strangijai	?
2nd singular	*strangīsi	*strangijais	*strangī	*strangijasai	*strangijaisau
3rd singular	*strangīþi	*strangijai	*strangijaþau	*strangijaþai	*strangijaiþau
1st dual	*strangijōs	*strangijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*strangijaþiz	*strangijaiþiz	*strangijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*strangijamaz	*strangijaim	—	*strangijanþai	*strangijainþau
2nd plural	*strangīþ	*strangijaiþ	*strangīþ	*strangijanþai	*strangijainþau
3rd plural	*strangijanþi	*strangijain	*strangijanþau	*strangijanþai	*strangijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*strangidǭ	*strangidēdį̄
2nd singular	*strangidēz	*strangidēdīz
3rd singular	*strangidē	*strangidēdī
1st dual	*strangidēdū	*strangidēdīw
2nd dual	*strangidēdudiz	*strangidēdīdiz
1st plural	*strangidēdum	*strangidēdīm
2nd plural	*strangidēdud	*strangidēdīd
3rd plural	*strangidēdun	*strangidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*strangijandz	*strangidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *strangijan
- Old English: strengan
  - Middle English: strengen
    - English: string
- Old Frisian: strenza
  - West Frisian: stringe, stringje
- Old Saxon: *strengian
  - Middle Low German: strengen
- Old Dutch: *strengen
  - Middle Dutch: strengen
    - Dutch: strengen
- Old High German: strengen
  - Middle High German: strengen
    - German: strängen
Old Norse: strengja
- Icelandic: strengja
- Old Swedish: strængia

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*stranʒjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 380
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*strangi-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 483: “*strangjan-”

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*stranʒjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 380

[2] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*strangi-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 483: “*strangjan-”

[1]

[2]