Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/strīdaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Probably from Pre-Germanic *streydʰh₁-, a compound of a Proto-Indo-European *strey- (“to resist”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to put”). Probably related to Latvian strīdēties, striêtiês (“to resist, quarrel”), Lithuanian strainùs (“unruly”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈstriː.ðɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*strīdaną^[1]^[2]

to stand upright
to step up to
to endeavour; strive for
to contend; quarrel

Inflection

Conjugation of *strīdaną (strong class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*strīdō	*strīdaų	—	*strīdai	?
2nd singular	*strīdizi	*strīdaiz	*strīd	*strīdazai	*strīdaizau
3rd singular	*strīdidi	*strīdai	*strīdadau	*strīdadai	*strīdaidau
1st dual	*strīdōz	*strīdaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*strīdadiz	*strīdaidiz	*strīdadiz	—	—
1st plural	*strīdamaz	*strīdaim	—	*strīdandai	*strīdaindau
2nd plural	*strīdid	*strīdaid	*strīdid	*strīdandai	*strīdaindau
3rd plural	*strīdandi	*strīdain	*strīdandau	*strīdandai	*strīdaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*straid	*stridį̄
2nd singular	*straist	*stridīz
3rd singular	*straid	*stridī
1st dual	*stridū	*stridīw
2nd dual	*stridudiz	*stridīdiz
1st plural	*stridum	*stridīm
2nd plural	*stridud	*stridīd
3rd plural	*stridun	*stridīn

	present	past
participles	*strīdandz	*stridanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *strīdan
- Old English: strīdan
  - Middle English: strīden
    - English: stride
    - Scots: stryde, stride
- Old Frisian: strīda
  - Saterland Frisian: striedje
  - West Frisian: stride, strijde
- Old Saxon: strīdan
  - Middle Low German: strîden
    - German Low German: strieden
- Old Dutch: *strīdan
  - Middle Dutch: striden
    - Dutch: strijden
      - Afrikaans: stry
    - Limburgish: strieje
- Old High German: strītan
  - Middle High German: strīten
    - German: streiten
    - Luxembourgish: streiden
Old Norse: *stríða
- Old Swedish: strīþa
  - Swedish: strida

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*strīdan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 485
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*strīdanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 381-382

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*strīdan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 485

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*strīdanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 381-382

[1]

[2]