Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stapulaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *stebʰ- (“stem, post”). Related to *stabaz (“staff, stick”).

Noun

*stapulaz m

1. pillar, post
2. basis, foundation

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *stapulaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*stapulaz	*stapulōz, *stapulōs
vocative	*stapul	*stapulōz, *stapulōs
accusative	*stapulą	*stapulanz
genitive	*stapulas, *stapulis	*stapulǫ̂
dative	*stapulai	*stapulamaz
instrumental	*stapulō	*stapulamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *stapul
  • Old English: stapol, stapel
    • Middle English: stapel, stapil, stapile, staple, stapul, stable
      • English: staple
      • Scots: steeple
  • Old Frisian: stapul
    • Saterland Frisian: Stoapel
    • West Frisian: steapel
  • Old Saxon: stapol
    • Middle Low German: stapel
      • German Low German: Stapel
      • → German: Stapel
      • → Yiddish: שטאַפּל (shtapl)
  • Old Dutch: stapul, stapal
    • Middle Dutch: stāpel
      • Dutch: stapel
        • Afrikaans: stapel
  • Old High German: staffal, stapfal
    • Middle High German: staffel, stapfel
      • German: Staffel
  • → Late Latin: stapula
    • Old French: estaple
      • Anglo-Norman: staple
        • → Middle English: staple, stapel, stapil, stapul
          • English: staple
          • Scots: stapill, staple, steple
      • Middle French: estappe
        • French: étape (see there for further descendants)
      • → Italian: stapula
• Old Norse: stǫpull
  • Icelandic: stöpull
  • Faroese: støpul
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: stopul
  • Old Swedish: stapul
    • Swedish: stapel
      • → Finnish: taapeli
  • Old Danish: stapæl
    • Danish: stabel, stapel, stavl
      • Norwegian Bokmål: stabel
      • → Norwegian Nynorsk: stabel
      • → Icelandic: stafli
  • Scanian: stabel
• → Proto-Finnic: *sapilas (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• Oxford English Dictionary, 1884–1928, and First Supplement, 1933.