Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stīganą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *stéygʰeti, from *steygʰ- (“to walk, climb”). Cognate with Ancient Greek στείχω (steíkhō, “I go”) and Old Church Slavonic стигнѫ (stignǫ, “I come”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈstiː.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*stīganą^[2]

to go up; climb, ascend

Inflection

Conjugation of *stīganą (strong class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*stīgō	*stīgaų	—	*stīgai	?
2nd singular	*stīgizi	*stīgaiz	*stīg	*stīgazai	*stīgaizau
3rd singular	*stīgidi	*stīgai	*stīgadau	*stīgadai	*stīgaidau
1st dual	*stīgōz	*stīgaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*stīgadiz	*stīgaidiz	*stīgadiz	—	—
1st plural	*stīgamaz	*stīgaim	—	*stīgandai	*stīgaindau
2nd plural	*stīgid	*stīgaid	*stīgid	*stīgandai	*stīgaindau
3rd plural	*stīgandi	*stīgain	*stīgandau	*stīgandai	*stīgaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*staig	*stigį̄
2nd singular	*staiht	*stigīz
3rd singular	*staig	*stigī
1st dual	*stigū	*stigīw
2nd dual	*stigudiz	*stigīdiz
1st plural	*stigum	*stigīm
2nd plural	*stigud	*stigīd
3rd plural	*stigun	*stigīn

	present	past
participles	*stīgandz	*stiganaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *stīgan
- Old English: stīgan
  - Middle English: stighen, stien
    - Scots: styan
    - English: sty
- Old Frisian: stīga
  - Saterland Frisian: stiege
  - West Frisian: stige
- Old Saxon: stīgan
  - Middle Low German: stîgen
    - German Low German: stiegen
- Old Dutch: stīgan
  - Middle Dutch: stigen
    - Dutch: stijgen
    - Limburgish: stiege
- Old High German: stīgan
  - Middle High German: stīgen
    - German: steigen
    - Hunsrik: steie
    - Luxembourgish: steigen
    - Yiddish: שטײַגן (shtaygn)
Old Norse: stíga
- Icelandic: stíga
- Faroese: stíga
- Norwegian Nynorsk: stiga, stige
- Norwegian Bokmål: stige
- Elfdalian: staiga
- Old Swedish: stīgha
  - Swedish: stiga
- Scanian: stíğa, stǽğa
- Old Danish: stīghæ
  - Danish: stige
- Gutnish: steige
Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (steigan)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*stīgan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 479
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*stīʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 378

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*stīgan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 479

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*stīʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 378

[1]

[2]