Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spreutaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *sprūtaną

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *sprewd-, but also possibly back-formed from the iterative, from Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to strew”), extended form *sprewd-. Related to Lithuanian sprausti (“to thrust”), Ancient Greek σπείρω (speírō, “I sow”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈspreu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*spreutaną

1. to sprout
2. to spring, come out

Inflection

Conjugation of *spreutaną (strong class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spreutō	*spreutaų	—	*spreutai	?
2nd singular	*spriutizi	*spreutaiz	*spreut	*spreutazai	*spreutaizau
3rd singular	*spriutidi	*spreutai	*spreutadau	*spreutadai	*spreutaidau
1st dual	*spreutōz	*spreutaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*spreutadiz	*spreutaidiz	*spreutadiz	—	—
1st plural	*spreutamaz	*spreutaim	—	*spreutandai	*spreutaindau
2nd plural	*spriutid	*spreutaid	*spriutid	*spreutandai	*spreutaindau
3rd plural	*spreutandi	*spreutain	*spreutandau	*spreutandai	*spreutaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spraut	*sprutį̄
2nd singular	*spraust	*sprutīz
3rd singular	*spraut	*sprutī
1st dual	*sprutū	*sprutīw
2nd dual	*sprutudiz	*sprutīdiz
1st plural	*sprutum	*sprutīm
2nd plural	*sprutud	*sprutīd
3rd plural	*sprutun	*sprutīn
	present	past
participles	*spreutandz	*sprutanaz

Related terms

• *sprautô
• *sprutô
• *spruttōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *spreutan
  • Old English: *sprēotan, sprūtan
    • Middle English: spruten, sprouten
      • English: sprout
      • Scots: sproot, spruit
    • ⇒ Old English: āsprēotan
    • ⇒ Old English: ġeondsprēot
  • Old Frisian: sprūta
    • Saterland Frisian: sprute, spruutje
    • West Frisian: sprûte
  • Old Saxon: *spriotan, *sprūtan
    • Middle Low German: sprêten, sprûten
      • German Low German: spruten
    • ⇒ Old Saxon: ūtsprūtan
      • Middle Low German: ûtsprûten
        • German Low German: utspruten
  • Old Dutch: *sprūtan
    • Middle Dutch: spruten
      • Dutch: spruiten
        • Afrikaans: spruit
        • → Papiamentu: sprùit, spreit, spruit
  • Old High German: *spriozan, *sprūzan
    • Middle High German: spriezen, sprūzen
      • German: sprießen
      • Luxembourgish: spréissen
• Old Norse: *sprúta
  • Swedish: spruta