Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spalkijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

This Proto-Germanic entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *spalk- (“splint, cleft”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈspɑl.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*spalkijaną

1. to fasten with a splint
2. to cleave, to split

Inflection

Conjugation of *spalkijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spalkijō	*spalkijaų	—	*spalkijai	?
2nd singular	*spalkīsi	*spalkijais	*spalkī	*spalkijasai	*spalkijaisau
3rd singular	*spalkīþi	*spalkijai	*spalkijaþau	*spalkijaþai	*spalkijaiþau
1st dual	*spalkijōs	*spalkijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*spalkijaþiz	*spalkijaiþiz	*spalkijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*spalkijamaz	*spalkijaim	—	*spalkijanþai	*spalkijainþau
2nd plural	*spalkīþ	*spalkijaiþ	*spalkīþ	*spalkijanþai	*spalkijainþau
3rd plural	*spalkijanþi	*spalkijain	*spalkijanþau	*spalkijanþai	*spalkijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spalkidǭ	*spalkidēdį̄
2nd singular	*spalkidēz	*spalkidēdīz
3rd singular	*spalkidē	*spalkidēdī
1st dual	*spalkidēdū	*spalkidēdīw
2nd dual	*spalkidēdudiz	*spalkidēdīdiz
1st plural	*spalkidēdum	*spalkidēdīm
2nd plural	*spalkidēdud	*spalkidēdīd
3rd plural	*spalkidēdun	*spalkidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*spalkijandz	*spalkidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *spalkijan
  • Old English: spelcan, spilcan
    • Middle English: spelken, spilken
  • Old Dutch: *spelken
    • Middle Dutch: *spelken
      • Dutch: spelken (West Flemish)
      • ⇒ Middle Dutch: afspelken
• Old Norse: spelkja
  • Icelandic: spelkja