Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slinkaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Close to the synonym *slingwaną, though with some formal difficulty. Presumably degeminated from earlier *slenkk-, from pre-Germanic *sln̥k-né(h₂)- or similar with a return to the full grade, from Proto-Indo-European *slenk- (“to wind, twist, slink, creep”) (or perhaps *slenkʷ-); this could explain the different coda stop reflexes without needing to assume two separate PIE roots. Related to Lithuanian sliñkti (“to creep, sneak”).^[1]^[2] Perhaps partly sound-symbolic or onomatopoeic.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsliŋ.kɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*slinkaną^[1]^[2]

to creep; crawl; slink

Inflection

Conjugation of *slinkaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*slinkō	*slinkaų	—	*slinkai	?
2nd singular	*slinkizi	*slinkaiz	*slink	*slinkazai	*slinkaizau
3rd singular	*slinkidi	*slinkai	*slinkadau	*slinkadai	*slinkaidau
1st dual	*slinkōz	*slinkaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*slinkadiz	*slinkaidiz	*slinkadiz	—	—
1st plural	*slinkamaz	*slinkaim	—	*slinkandai	*slinkaindau
2nd plural	*slinkid	*slinkaid	*slinkid	*slinkandai	*slinkaindau
3rd plural	*slinkandi	*slinkain	*slinkandau	*slinkandai	*slinkaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*slank	*slunkį̄
2nd singular	*slanht	*slunkīz
3rd singular	*slank	*slunkī
1st dual	*slunkū	*slunkīw
2nd dual	*slunkudiz	*slunkīdiz
1st plural	*slunkum	*slunkīm
2nd plural	*slunkud	*slunkīd
3rd plural	*slunkun	*slunkīn

	present	past
participles	*slinkandz	*slunkanaz

Related terms

Descendants

Old English: slincan
- Middle English: slynken
  - Scots: slink
  - English: slink
Old Frisian: *slinka
- Saterland Frisian: slinke
- West Frisian: slinke
Old Saxon: *slinkan
- Middle Low German: slinken
  - Low German: slinken
Old Dutch: *slinkan
- Middle Dutch: slinken
  - Dutch: slinken
Old Norse: *slinka
- Old Swedish: slinka
  - Swedish: slinka
- Gutnish: slinke, slink', slinka

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*slingan- ~ *slinkan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 455
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*slenkanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 350

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*slingan- ~ *slinkan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 455

[HGE-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*slenkanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 350

[1]

[2]