Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skraudaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *skrówdʰ-e-ti, from *skrewdʰ- (“to cut, shred”); cognate with Lithuanian skriaudùs (“blunt, insulting; torrential; brittle”).^[1] The root may be an extension of a root *skrew- (“to cut; cutting tool”), itself an extension of *(s)ker- (“to cut”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈskrɑu̯.ðɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skraudaną

to cut up, to shred

Inflection

Conjugation of *skraudaną (strong class 7b)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*skraudō	*skraudaų	—	*skraudai	?
2nd singular	*skraudizi	*skraudaiz	*skraud	*skraudazai	*skraudaizau
3rd singular	*skraudidi	*skraudai	*skraudadau	*skraudadai	*skraudaidau
1st dual	*skraudōz	*skraudaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skraudadiz	*skraudaidiz	*skraudadiz	—	—
1st plural	*skraudamaz	*skraudaim	—	*skraudandai	*skraudaindau
2nd plural	*skraudid	*skraudaid	*skraudid	*skraudandai	*skraudaindau
3rd plural	*skraudandi	*skraudain	*skraudandau	*skraudandai	*skraudaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skeskraud	*skeskraudį̄
2nd singular	*skeskraust	*skeskraudīz
3rd singular	*skeskraud	*skeskraudī
1st dual	*skeskraudū	*skeskraudīw
2nd dual	*skeskraududiz	*skeskraudīdiz
1st plural	*skeskraudum	*skeskraudīm
2nd plural	*skeskraudud	*skeskraudīd
3rd plural	*skeskraudun	*skeskraudīn

	present	past
participles	*skraudandz	*skraudanaz

Derived terms

Related terms

*skrūdą

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *skraudan
- Old Frisian: skrēda
- Old Saxon: *skrōdan
  - Middle Low German: schrôden, schrâden
    - German Low German: schraden
- Old Dutch: *scrōdan
  - Middle Dutch: schrôden
    - Dutch: schrooien
- Old High German: skrōtan
  - Middle High German: schrōten
    - Alemannic German: schroote
    - German: schroten

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*skraudan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 447

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*skraudan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 447

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