Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skabaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *skábʰ-e-, present tense of Proto-Indo-European *skabʰ- (“to scratch”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈskɑ.βɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skabaną^[2]^[3]^[4]

to shave, to scrape

Inflection

Conjugation of *skabaną (strong class 6)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*skabō	*skabaų	—	*skabai	?
2nd singular	*skabizi	*skabaiz	*skab	*skabazai	*skabaizau
3rd singular	*skabidi	*skabai	*skabadau	*skabadai	*skabaidau
1st dual	*skabōz	*skabaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skabadiz	*skabaidiz	*skabadiz	—	—
1st plural	*skabamaz	*skabaim	—	*skabandai	*skabaindau
2nd plural	*skabid	*skabaid	*skabid	*skabandai	*skabaindau
3rd plural	*skabandi	*skabain	*skabandau	*skabandai	*skabaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skōb	*skōbį̄
2nd singular	*skōft	*skōbīz
3rd singular	*skōb	*skōbī
1st dual	*skōbū	*skōbīw
2nd dual	*skōbudiz	*skōbīdiz
1st plural	*skōbum	*skōbīm
2nd plural	*skōbud	*skōbīd
3rd plural	*skōbun	*skōbīn

	present	past
participles	*skabandz	*skabanaz

Derived terms

*skappōną (“to scrape”)
*skēpą (“sheep”) (possibly)
*skōbiz (“smoothable”)^[5]

Related terms

*skabbaz
*skapjaną (possibly)

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *skaban
- Old English: sċafan, sċeafan
  - Middle English: schaven, shaven
    - English: shave
      - → Welsh: siafio
    - Scots: schave, schaif, schaiff; shaav (through confluence with Norwegian skave)
- Old Frisian: *skava
  - Saterland Frisian: skoawje
  - West Frisian: skave
- Old Saxon: skavan, skaƀan
  - Middle Low German: schāven
    - German Low German: schaven
    - Low German: schaven
- Old Dutch: *scavan
  - Middle Dutch: schāven
    - Dutch: schaven
    - Limburgish: sjave
- Old High German: skaban
  - Middle High German: schaben
    - German: schaben
    - Luxembourgish: schuewen (archaic)
    - Yiddish: שאָבן (shobn)
Old Norse: skafa, skava
- Icelandic: skafa
- Faroese: skava
- Norwegian: skave
- Elfdalian: skåwå
- Old Swedish: skava
  - Swedish: skava
- Old Danish: skauæ
  - Danish: skave
  - Scanian: skawa
- Gutnish: skave
- → Scots: skave, skaave
Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (skaban)
→ Proto-Finnic: *kaappidak (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 549
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “skaban-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 438
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skabanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 330
^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “SKAB-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 401
^ Heidermanns, Frank (1993) “-skōbi-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen Primäradjektive (Studia linguistica Germanica; 33) (in German), Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 499

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 549

[2] Guus Kroonen (2013) “skaban-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 438

[3] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skabanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 330

[4] Seebold, Elmar (1970) “SKAB-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 401

[5] Heidermanns, Frank (1993) “-skōbi-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen Primäradjektive (Studia linguistica Germanica; 33) (in German), Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 499

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]