Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rudjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *rudą (“a clearing”) +‎ *-janą, from Proto-Indo-European *(H)rewH- (“to dig out”), see also Latin ruo (“I dig out”), Proto-Slavic *rъvati (“to tear”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈruð.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*rudjaną

1. to clear
2. to strip

Inflection

Conjugation of *rudjaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*rudjō	*rudjaų	—	*rudjai	?
2nd singular	*rudisi	*rudjais	*rudi	*rudjasai	*rudjaisau
3rd singular	*rudiþi	*rudjai	*rudjaþau	*rudjaþai	*rudjaiþau
1st dual	*rudjōs	*rudjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*rudjaþiz	*rudjaiþiz	*rudjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*rudjamaz	*rudjaim	—	*rudjanþai	*rudjainþau
2nd plural	*rudiþ	*rudjaiþ	*rudiþ	*rudjanþai	*rudjainþau
3rd plural	*rudjanþi	*rudjain	*rudjanþau	*rudjanþai	*rudjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*rudidǭ	*rudidēdį̄
2nd singular	*rudidēz	*rudidēdīz
3rd singular	*rudidē	*rudidēdī
1st dual	*rudidēdū	*rudidēdīw
2nd dual	*rudidēdudiz	*rudidēdīdiz
1st plural	*rudidēdum	*rudidēdīm
2nd plural	*rudidēdud	*rudidēdīd
3rd plural	*rudidēdun	*rudidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*rudjandz	*rudidaz

Related terms

• *reudaną
• *rudōną/*ruddōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *ruddjan
  • ⇒ Old English: aryddan
  • ⇒ Old English: ġeryddan
    • Middle English: ridden
      • English: rid
• Old Norse: ryðja, hryðja
  • Faroese: ryðja
  • Icelandic: ryðja
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: rydja, rø; (dialectal) rya, rua, rudjø, rødja, rødda, røa, ræa
  • Old Swedish: ryþia, rydhia, rödhia
    • Swedish: röja, rödja
  • Old Danish: ryddæ
    • Danish: rydde
      • Norwegian Bokmål: rydde
        • → Norwegian Nynorsk: rydda